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tramadol hydrochloride

Prescription NDA Schedule CIV RLD Official labelling
Informational index, not medical advice. Content is reproduced from public FDA and NLM data. Always confirm against the manufacturer's current prescribing information. Report adverse events to FDA MedWatch.

Overview

Brand name
Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release
Generic name
tramadol hydrochloride
Dosage form
Capsule
Route
Oral
Marketing category
NDA AUTHORIZED GENERIC · NDA AG
Labeler
Trigen Laboratories, LLC
Product type
Human Prescription Drug
DEA schedule
CIV
Active ingredients
3
NDC product codes
3
Packages
3
Data completeness
76% of corroborating sources present

Active ingredients

Source: NDC Directory
Active ingredients and strengths as listed in the NDC Directory.
Ingredient Strength RxCUI Monograph
Tramadol Hydrochloride 100 mg/1 833709 View
Tramadol Hydrochloride 200 mg/1 833709 View
Tramadol Hydrochloride 300 mg/1 833709 View

Forms, strengths and routes

Source: NDC Directory
Dosage form
Capsule
Route of administration
Oral
Presentations
6

Pharmacologic classes are listed in the class section below.

Pharmacologic class

Source: NDC Directory
Established pharmacologic classes (EPC), mechanisms of action (MoA), chemical structures (CS) and physiologic effects (PE).
Class Type Browse
Full Opioid Agonists [MoA] MoA All 74 members
Opioid Agonist [EPC] EPC All 109 members

Regulatory status

Source: Drugs@FDANDC Directory
Application number
022370
Application type
NDA · New Drug Application
Approval date
May 7, 2010
Sponsor
CIPHER PHARMS INC
Products on application
4
Submissions recorded
18
Products approved under application 022370.
Product Trade name Form Strength Ingredient Status TE Flags
022370-001 CONZIP CAPSULE, EXTENDED RELEASE TRAMADOL HYDROCHLORIDE Prescription — RLD RS
022370-002 CONZIP CAPSULE, EXTENDED RELEASE TRAMADOL HYDROCHLORIDE Prescription — RLD
022370-003 CONZIP CAPSULE, EXTENDED RELEASE TRAMADOL HYDROCHLORIDE Prescription — RLD
022370-004 CONZIP CAPSULE, EXTENDED RELEASE TRAMADOL HYDROCHLORIDE Discontinued — RLD

Therapeutic equivalence

Source: Orange Book
TE code
—
Reference Listed Drug
Yes
Reference Standard
Yes

Codes beginning with “A” indicate products the FDA considers therapeutically equivalent. Codes beginning with “B” indicate bioequivalence has not been established. See methodology.

Approval history

Source: Drugs@FDA
Most recent submissions on application 022370.
Type No. Action Status Date Review
Supplement 28 REMS Approved June 18, 2026 N/A
Supplement 27 Labeling Approved December 22, 2025 Standard
Supplement 26 REMS Approved October 31, 2024 N/A
Supplement 25 Labeling Approved December 15, 2023 Standard
Supplement 23 Labeling Approved September 10, 2021 Standard
Supplement 20 Labeling Approved March 4, 2021 Standard
Supplement 18 Labeling Approved October 7, 2019 Standard
Supplement 17 Labeling Approved September 18, 2018 Standard
Supplement 16 REMS Approved September 18, 2018 N/A
Supplement 15 Labeling Approved August 29, 2017 Standard
Supplement 14 Labeling Approved December 16, 2016 Standard
Supplement 12 Labeling Approved December 16, 2016 Standard
Supplement 13 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved July 9, 2015 Standard
Supplement 11 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved January 20, 2015 Standard
Supplement 10 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved January 5, 2015 Standard
Supplement 9 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved August 13, 2013 Standard
Supplement 8 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved April 9, 2013 Standard
Original application 1 Type 5 - New Formulation or New Manufacturer Approved May 7, 2010 Standard

Review documents

  • 0 · Supplement · June 23, 2026
  • 0 · Supplement · January 6, 2026
  • 0 · Supplement · December 31, 2025
  • 0 · Supplement · November 4, 2024
  • 0 · Supplement · December 19, 2023
  • 0 · Supplement · December 19, 2023
  • 0 · Supplement · December 18, 2023
  • 0 · Original application · November 3, 2023
  • 0 · Supplement · September 14, 2021
  • 0 · Supplement · September 13, 2021
  • 0 · Supplement · March 8, 2021
  • 0 · Supplement · March 5, 2021
  • 0 · Supplement · October 8, 2019
  • 0 · Supplement · October 8, 2019
  • 0 · Supplement · October 1, 2018
  • 0 · Supplement · October 1, 2018
  • 0 · Supplement · September 24, 2018
  • 0 · Supplement · September 24, 2018
  • 0 · Supplement · August 31, 2017
  • 0 · Supplement · August 30, 2017
  • 0 · Supplement · December 21, 2016
  • 0 · Supplement · December 21, 2016
  • 0 · Supplement · December 21, 2016
  • 0 · Supplement · December 21, 2016
  • 0 · Original application · February 22, 2011
  • 0 · Original application · May 17, 2010
  • 0 · Original application · May 12, 2010
  • 0 · Original application · February 18, 2009

Prescribing information

Source: openFDA Drug Labeling

Reproduced verbatim from the Structured Product Labeling submitted to the FDA (effective 20260123). This is the manufacturer's labelling text, not a summary and not advice.

HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG · 20260123

Boxed Warning

openFDA Drug Labeling

WARNING: SERIOUS AND LIFE-THREATENING RISKS FROM USE OF TRAMADOL HYDROCHLORIDE EXTENDED-RELEASE CAPSULES WARNING: SERIOUS AND LIFE-THREATENING RISKS FROM USE OF TRAMADOL HYDROCHLORIDE EXTENDED-RELEASE CAPSULES See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules exposes users to risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse, which can lead to overdose and death. Assess patient's risk before prescribing and reassess regularly for these behaviors and conditions. ( 5.1 ) Serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression may occur, especially during initiation or following a dosage increase. To reduce the risk of respiratory depression, proper dosing and titration are essential. Instruct patients to swallow Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules intact, and not to split, chew, crush, or dissolve content of the capsules to avoid exposure to a potentially fatal dose of tramadol. ( 2.1 , 5.2 ) Accidental ingestion of Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules, especially by children, can result in a fatal overdose of tramadol. ( 5.2 ) Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Reserve concomitant prescribing for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. ( 5.3 , 7 ) Advise pregnant women using opioids for an extended period of time of the risk of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome, which may be life-threatening if not recognized and treated. Ensure that management by neonatology experts will be available at delivery. ( 5.4 ) Healthcare providers are strongly encouraged to complete a REMS-compliant education program and to counsel patients and caregivers on serious risks, safe use, and the importance of reading the Medication Guide with each prescription. ( 5.5 ) Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules are contraindicated in children younger than 12 years of age and in children younger than 18 years of age following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. ( 4 ) Avoid the use of Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules in adolescents 12 to 18 years of age who have other risk factors that may increase their sensitivity to the respiratory depressant effects of tramadol. ( 5.6 ) The effects of concomitant use or discontinuation of cytochrome P450 3A4 inducers, 3A4 inhibitors, or 2D6 inhibitors with tramadol are complex. Use of cytochrome P450 3A4 inducers, 3A4 inhibitors, or 2D6 inhibitors with Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules requires careful consideration of the effects on the parent drug, tramadol, and the active metabolite, M1. ( 5.7 , 7 ) Addiction, Abuse, and Misuse Because the use of Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules exposes patients and other users to the risks of opioid addiction, abuse, and misuse, which can lead to overdose and death, assess each patient's risk prior to prescribing and reassess all patients regularly for the development of these behaviors and conditions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Life-Threatening Respiratory Depression Serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression may occur with use of Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules, especially during initiation or following a dosage increase. To reduce the risk of respiratory depression, proper dosing and titration of Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules are essential. Instruct patients to swallow Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules intact, and not to split, break, chew, crush, or dissolve the contents of the capsules to avoid exposure to a potentially fatal dose of tramadol. [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) , Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . Accidental Ingestion Accidental ingestion of even one dose of Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules, especially by children, can result in a fatal overdose of tra …

Recent Major Changes

openFDA Drug Labeling

Boxed Warning 12/2025 Indications and Usage ( 1 ) 12/2025 Dosage and Administration ( 2.2 , 2.3 , 2.5 ) 12/2025 Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 , 5.2 , 5.3 , 5.10 , 5.16 , 5.18 ) 12/2025

Indications and Usage

openFDA Drug Labeling

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules are indicated for the management of severe and persistent pain that requires an opioid analgesic and that cannot be adequately treated with alternative options, including immediate-release opioids. Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules are an opioid agonist indicated for the management of severe and persistent pain that requires an opioid analgesic and that cannot be adequately treated with alternative options, including immediate-release opioids. Limitations of Use Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, misuse, overdose, and death, which can occur at any dosage or duration and persist over the course of therapy, reserve opioid analgesics, including Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules, for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options are ineffective, not tolerated, or would be otherwise inadequate to provide sufficient management of pain. ( 1 , 5.1 ) Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules are not indicated as an as-needed (prn) analgesic. ( 1 ) Limitation of Use Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, misuse, overdose, and death, which can occur at any dosage or duration and persist over the course of therapy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] , reserve opioid analgesics, including Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules, for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options are ineffective, not tolerated, or would be otherwise inadequate to provide sufficient management of pain. Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules are not indicated as an as-needed (prn) analgesic.

Dosage and Administration

openFDA Drug Labeling

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules should be prescribed only by healthcare professionals who are knowledgeable about the use of extended-release/long-acting opioids and how to mitigate the associated risks. ( 2.1 ) Use the lowest effective dosage for the shortest duration of time consistent with individual patient treatment goals. Reserve titration to higher doses of Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules for patients in whom lower doses are insufficiently effective and in whom the expected benefits of using a higher dose opioid clearly outweigh the substantial risks. ( 2 , 5 ) Initiate the dosing regimen for each patient individually, taking into account the patient's underlying cause and severity of pain, prior analgesic treatment and response, and risk factors for addiction, abuse, and misuse. ( 2.1 , 5.1 ) Respiratory depression can occur at any time during opioid therapy, especially when initiating and following dosage increases with Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules. Consider this risk when selecting an initial dose and when making dose adjustments. ( 2.1 , 5.2 ) Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules are administered orally once daily. ( 2.1 ) Discuss opioid overdose reversal agents and options for acquiring them with the patient and/or caregiver, both when initiating and renewing treatment with Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules, especially if the patient has additional risk factors for overdose, or close contacts at risk for exposure and overdose. ( 2.2 , 5.1 , 5.2 , 5.3 ) For patients currently on tramadol IR: Calculate total 24-hr IR dose, and initiate Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules at a dose rounded down to next lower 100 mg increment; then adjust dose according to need and tolerance. See full prescribing information for instructions on conversion, titration, and maintenance of therapy. ( 2.3 , 2.4 ) For patients converting from other opioid analgesics: Discontinue all other opioid analgesics other than as needed for breakthrough pain and initiate Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules at a dose of 100 mg once daily, then titrate up by 100 mg increments every 5 days according to need and tolerance. ( 2.3 , 2.4 ) Do not exceed a daily dose of 300 mg tramadol. Do not use with other tramadol products. ( 2.4 ) Periodically reassess patients receiving CONZIP to evaluate the continued need for opioid analgesics to maintain pain control, for the signs or symptoms of adverse reactions, and for the development of addiction, abuse, or misuse. ( 2.4 ) Do not rapidly reduce or abruptly discontinue Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules in a physically-dependent patient because rapid reduction or abrupt discontinuation of opioid analgesics has resulted in serious withdrawal symptoms, uncontrolled pain, and suicide. ( 2.5 , 5.18 ) 2.1 Important Dosage and Administration Instructions Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules should be prescribed only by healthcare professionals who are knowledgeable about the use of extended-release/long-acting opioids and how to mitigate the associated risks. Do not use Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules concomitantly with other tramadol products [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) , (5.15) ]. Do not administer Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules at a dose exceeding 300 mg per day. Use the lowest effective dosage for the shortest duration of time consistent with individual patient treatment goals [see Warnings and Precautions (5) ] . Because the risk of overdose increases as opioid doses increase, reserve titration to higher doses of Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules for patients in whom lower doses are insufficiently effective and in whom the expected benefits of using a higher dose opioid clearly outweigh the substantial risks. Initiate the dosing regimen for each patient individually, taking into account the patient's …

Dosage Forms and Strengths

openFDA Drug Labeling

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Extended-release capsules are available as: 100 mg Capsules: White capsule imprinted with blue ink "G 252" on cap and "100" between lines on the body 200 mg Capsules: White capsule imprinted with violet ink "G 253" on cap and "200" between lines on the body 300 mg Capsules: White capsule imprinted with red ink "G 254" on cap and "300" between lines on the body Extended-release capsules: 100 mg, 200 mg, and 300 mg ( 3 )

Contraindications

openFDA Drug Labeling

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules are contraindicated for: All children younger than 12 years of age [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Postoperative management in children younger than 18 years of age following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules is also contraindicated in patients with: Significant respiratory depression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12) ] Acute or severe bronchial asthma in an unmonitored setting or in the absence of resuscitative equipment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12) ] Known or suspected gastrointestinal obstruction, including paralytic ileus [see Warnings and Precautions (5.16) ] Hypersensitivity to tramadol (e.g., anaphylaxis) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.17) , Adverse Reactions (6) ] Concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or use within the last 14 days [see Drug Interactions (7) ] Children younger than 12 years of age. ( 4 ) Postoperative management in children younger than 18 years of age following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. ( 4 ) Significant respiratory depression. ( 4 ) Acute or severe bronchial asthma in an unmonitored setting or in absence of resuscitative equipment. ( 4 ) Known or suspected gastrointestinal obstruction, including paralytic ileus. ( 4 ) Hypersensitivity to tramadol. ( 4 ) Concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or use within the last 14 days. ( 4 )

Warnings and Cautions

openFDA Drug Labeling

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia and Allodynia: Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia (OIH) occurs when an opioid analgesic paradoxically causes an increase in pain, or an increase in sensitivity to pain. If OIH is suspected, carefully consider appropriately decreasing the dose of the current opioid analgesic or opioid rotation. ( 5.8 ) Serotonin Syndrome Risk: Potentially life-threatening condition could result from use of Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules, particularly during concomitant use of serotonergic drugs. ( 5.9 ) Increased Risk of Seizures: Present within recommended dosage range. Risk is increased with higher than recommended doses and concomitant use of SSRIs, SNRIs, anorectics, tricyclic antidepressants and other tricyclic compounds, other opioids, MAOIs, neuroleptics, other drugs that reduce seizure threshold, in patients with epilepsy or at risk for seizures. ( 5.10 , 7 ) Suicide Risk: Do not use Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules in suicidal or addiction-prone patients. Use with caution in those taking tranquilizers, antidepressants or abusing alcohol. ( 5.11 ) Life-Threatening Respiratory Depression in Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Disease or in Elderly, Cachectic, or Debilitated Patients: Regularly evaluate, particularly during initiation and titration. ( 5.12 ) Adrenal Insufficiency: If diagnosed, treat with physiologic replacement of corticosteroids, and wean patient off of the opioid. ( 5.13 ) Severe Hypotension: Regularly evaluate during dosage initiation and titration. Avoid use of Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules in patients with circulatory shock. ( 5.14 ) Risks of Use in Patients with Increased Intracranial Pressure, Brain Tumors, Head Injury, or Impaired Consciousness: Monitor for sedation and respiratory depression. Avoid use of Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules in patients with impaired consciousness or coma. ( 5.15 ) 5.1 Addiction, Abuse, and Misuse Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules contain tramadol, a Schedule IV controlled substance. As an opioid, Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules expose users to the risks of addiction, abuse and misuse. Although the risk of addiction in any individual is unknown, it can occur in patients appropriately prescribed Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules. Addiction can occur at recommended dosages and if the drug is misused or abused. The risk of opioid-related overdose or overdose-related death is increased with higher opioid doses, and this risk persists over the course of therapy. In postmarketing studies, addiction, abuse, misuse, and fatal and non-fatal opioid overdose were observed in patients with long-term opioid use [see Adverse Reactions (6.2) ]. Assess each patient's risk for opioid addiction, abuse, or misuse prior to prescribing Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules, and reassess all patients receiving Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules for the development of these behaviors and conditions. Risks are increased in patients with a personal or family history of substance abuse (including drug or alcohol abuse or addiction) or mental illness (e.g., major depression). The potential for these risks should not, however, prevent the proper management of pain in any given patient. Patients at increased risk may be prescribed opioids such as Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules but use in such patients necessitates intensive counseling about the risks and proper use of Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules along with frequent reevaluation for signs of addiction, abuse, and misuse. Consider recommending or prescribing an opioid overdose reversal agent [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) , Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . Abuse or misuse of Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules by splitting, breaking, chewing, crushing, snorting, or injecting the dissolved product will result in the uncontr …

Adverse Reactions

openFDA Drug Labeling

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following serious or otherwise important adverse reactions are described in greater detail, in other sections: Addiction, Abuse, and Misuse [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Life-Threatening Respiratory Depression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Interactions with Benzodiazepines and Other CNS Depressants [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Ultra-Rapid Metabolism of Tramadol and Other Risk Factors for Life-Threatening Respiratory Depression in Children [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia and Allodynia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] Serotonin Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] Seizures [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] Suicide [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11) ] Adrenal Insufficiency [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13) ] Severe Hypotension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.14) ] Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.16) ] Hypersensitivity Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.17) ] Withdrawal [see Warnings and Precautions (5.18) ] Most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥10% and twice placebo) are nausea, constipation, dry mouth, somnolence, dizziness, and vomiting. ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Trigen Laboratories, LLC at 1-800-541-4802 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules were administered to a total of 1987 patients in clinical trials. These included four double-blind and one long-term, open-label study in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. A total of 812 patients were 65 years or older. Adverse reactions with doses from 100 mg to 300 mg in the four pooled, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in patients with chronic non-malignant pain are presented in the following table (see Table 1 ). Table 1: Incidence (%) of Patients with Adverse Reaction Rates ≥5% from Four Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Studies in Patients with Moderate to Moderately Severe Chronic Pain by Dose (N=1917) Preferred Term Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules Placebo 100 mg (N=429) n (%) 200 mg (N=434) n (%) 300 mg (N=1054) n (%) (N=646) n (%) Headache 99 (23.1) 96 (22.1) 200 (19.0) 128 (19.8) Nausea 69 (16.1) 93 (21.4) 265 (25.1) 37 (5.7) Somnolence 50 (11.7) 60 (13.8) 170 (16.1) 26 (4.0) Dizziness 41 (9.6) 54 (12.4) 143 (13.6) 31 (4.8) Constipation 40 (9.3) 59 (13.6) 225 (21.3) 27 (4.2) Vomiting 28 (6.5) 45 (10.4) 98 (9.3) 12 (1.9) Arthralgia 23 (5.4) 20 (4.6) 53 (5.0) 33 (5.1) Dry Mouth 20 (4.7) 36 (8.3) 138 (13.1) 22 (3.4) Sweating 18 (4.2) 23 (5.3) 71 (6.7) 4 (0.6) Asthenia 15 (3.5) 26 (6.0) 91 (8.6) 17 (2.6) Pruritus 13 (3.0) 25 (5.8) 77 (7.3) 12 (1.9) Anorexia 9 (2.1) 23 (5.3) 60 (5.7) 1 (0.2) Insomnia 9 (2.1) 9 (2.1) 53 (5.0) 11 (1.7) The following adverse reactions were reported from all chronic pain studies (N=1917). The lists below include adverse reactions not otherwise noted in Table 1. Adverse reactions with incidence rates of 1.0% to <5.0% Cardiac disorders: hypertension Gastrointestinal disorders: dyspepsia, flatulence General disorders: abdominal pain, accidental injury, chills, fever, flu syndrome, neck pain, pelvic pain Investigations: hyperglycemia, urine abnormality Metabolism and nutrition disorders: peripheral edema, weight loss Musculoskeletal, connective tissue and bone disorders: myalgia Nervous system disorders: paresthesia, tremor, withdrawal syndrome Psychiatric disorders: agitation, anxiety, apathy, confusion, depersonalization, depression, euphoria, nervousness Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: …

Drug Interactions

openFDA Drug Labeling

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Table 2 includes clinically significant drug interactions with Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules. Table 2: Clinically Significant Drug Interactions with Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules Inhibitors of CYP2D6 Clinical Impact: The concomitant use of Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules and CYP2D6 inhibitors may result in an increase in the plasma concentration of tramadol and a decrease in the plasma concentration of M1, particularly when an inhibitor is added after a stable dose of Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules is achieved. Since M1 is a more potent mu-opioid agonist, decreased M1 exposure could result in decreased therapeutic effects, and may result in signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal in patients who had developed physical dependence to tramadol. Increased tramadol exposure can result in increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and increased risk for serious adverse events including seizures and serotonin syndrome. After stopping a CYP2D6 inhibitor, as the effects of the inhibitor decline, the tramadol plasma concentration will decrease and the M1 plasma concentration will increase which could increase or prolong therapeutic effects but also increase adverse reactions related to opioid toxicity, and may cause potentially fatal respiratory depression [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . Intervention: If concomitant use of a CYP2D6 inhibitor is necessary, evaluate patients at frequent intervals for adverse reactions including opioid withdrawal, seizures, and serotonin syndrome. If a CYP2D6 inhibitor is discontinued, consider lowering Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules dosage until stable drug effects are achieved. Evaluate patients at frequent intervals for adverse events including respiratory depression and sedation. Examples: Quinidine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, and bupropion Inhibitors of CYP3A4 Clinical Impact: The concomitant use of Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules and CYP3A4 inhibitors can increase the plasma concentration of tramadol and may result in a greater amount of metabolism via CYP2D6 and greater levels of M1. Follow patients closely for increased risk of serious adverse events including seizures and serotonin syndrome, and adverse reactions related to opioid toxicity including potentially fatal respiratory depression, particularly when an inhibitor is added after a stable dose of Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules is achieved. After stopping a CYP3A4 inhibitor, as the effects of the inhibitor decline, the tramadol plasma concentration will decrease [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] , resulting in decreased opioid efficacy and possibly signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal in patients who had developed physical dependence to tramadol. Intervention: If concomitant use is necessary, consider dosage reduction of Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules until stable drug effects are achieved. Evaluate patients at frequent intervals for seizures and serotonin syndrome, and signs of respiratory depression and sedation. If a CYP3A4 inhibitor is discontinued, consider increasing the Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules dosage until stable drug effects are achieved and evaluate patients for signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal. Examples: Macrolide antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin), azole-antifungal agents (e.g., ketoconazole), protease inhibitors (e.g., ritonavir) CYP3A4 Inducers Clinical Impact: The concomitant use of Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules and CYP3A4 inducers can decrease the plasma concentration of tramadol [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] , resulting in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence to tramadol [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] . After stopping a CYP3A4 inducer, as the effects of the inducer decline, the tramadol plasma concentration will increase [see Clini …

Use in Specific Populations

openFDA Drug Labeling

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Pregnancy : May cause fetal harm. ( 8.1 ) Lactation : Breastfeeding not recommended. ( 8.2 ) Severe Hepatic or Renal Impairment : Use not recommended. ( 8.6 , 8.7 ) 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Use of opioid analgesics for an extended period of time during pregnancy may cause neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] . Available data with Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules in pregnant women are insufficient to inform a drug-associated risk for major birth defects and miscarriage. In animal reproduction studies, tramadol administration during organogenesis decreased fetal weights and reduced ossification in mice, rats, and rabbits at 1.4, 0.6, and 3.6 times the maximum recommended human daily dosage (MRHD). Tramadol decreased pup body weight and increased pup mortality at 1.2 and 1.9 times the MRHD [ see Data ]. Based on animal data, advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions Use of opioid analgesics for an extended period of time during pregnancy for medical or nonmedical purposes can result in physical dependence in the neonate and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome shortly after birth. Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome presents as irritability, hyperactivity and abnormal sleep pattern, high pitched cry, tremor, vomiting, diarrhea, and failure to gain weight. The onset, duration, and severity of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome vary based on the specific opioid used, duration of use, timing and amount of last maternal use, and rate of elimination of the drug by the newborn. Observe newborns for symptoms of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and manage accordingly [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] . Neonatal seizures, neonatal withdrawal syndrome, fetal death and still birth have been reported with tramadol during post-approval use of tramadol immediate-release products. Labor or Delivery Opioids cross the placenta and may produce respiratory depression and psycho-physiologic effects in neonates. An opioid overdose reversal agent, such as naloxone or nalmefene, must be available for reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression in the neonate. Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules is not recommended for use in pregnant women during or immediately prior to labor, when use of shorter-acting analgesics or other analgesic techniques are more appropriate. Opioid analgesics, including Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules can prolong labor through actions which temporarily reduce the strength, duration, and frequency of uterine contractions. However, this effect is not consistent and may be offset by an increased rate of cervical dilation, which tends to shorten labor. Monitor neonates exposed to opioid analgesics during labor for signs of excess sedation and respiratory depression. Tramadol has been shown to cross the placenta. The mean ratio of serum tramadol in the umbilical veins compared to maternal veins was 0.83 for 40 women given tramadol during labor. The effect of Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules, if any, on the later growth, development, and functional maturation of the child is unknown. Data Animal Data Tramadol has been shown to be embryotoxic and fetotoxic in mice, (120 mg/kg), rats (25 mg/kg) and rabbits (75 mg/kg) at maternally toxic dosages but was not teratogenic at these dose levels. These doses on a mg/m 2 basis are 1.9, 0.8, and 4.9 times the maximum recommended human daily dosage (MRHD) for mouse, rat and rabbit, respectively. No drug-related teratogenic eff …

Mechanism of Action

openFDA Drug Labeling

12.1 Mechanism of Action Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules contain tramadol, an opioid agonist, and an inhibitor of reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. Although its mode of action is not completely understood, from animal tests, at least two complementary mechanisms appear applicable: binding of parent and M1 metabolite to mu-opioid receptors and weak inhibition of reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. Opioid activity of tramadol is due to both low affinity binding of the parent compound and higher affinity binding of the O-demethylated metabolite M1 to mu-opioid receptors. In animal models, M1 is up to 6 times more potent than tramadol in producing analgesia and 200 times more potent in mu-opioid binding. Tramadol-induced analgesia is only partially antagonized by the opioid antagonist naloxone in several animal tests. The relative contribution of both tramadol and M1 to human analgesia is dependent upon the plasma concentrations of each compound. Tramadol has been shown to inhibit reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in vitro, as have some other opioid analgesics. These mechanisms may contribute independently to the overall analgesic profile of tramadol. The relationship between exposure of tramadol and M1 and efficacy has not been evaluated in clinical studies. Apart from analgesia, tramadol administration may produce a constellation of symptoms (including dizziness, somnolence, nausea, constipation, sweating and pruritus) similar to that of other opioids. In contrast to morphine, tramadol has not been shown to cause histamine release. At therapeutic doses, tramadol has no effect on heart rate, left ventricular function or cardiac index. Orthostatic hypotension has been observed.

Description

openFDA Drug Labeling

11 DESCRIPTION Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules are an opioid agonist in an extended-release oral formulation. The chemical name for tramadol hydrochloride USP is (±) cis- 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl) cyclohexanol hydrochloride. Its structural formula is: Figure 1 C 16 H 25 NO 2 ∙ HCl The molecular weight of tramadol hydrochloride USP is 299.8. It is a white, bitter, crystalline and odorless powder that is readily soluble in water and ethanol and has a pKa of 9.41. The n-octanol/water log partition coefficient (logP) is 1.35 at pH 7. Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules contain a total dose of tramadol hydrochloride 100, 200, and 300 mg in a combination of immediate-release and extended-release components. Dosage Immediate-release Extended-release 100 mg 25 mg 75 mg 200 mg 50 mg 150 mg 300 mg 50 mg 250 mg Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules are white in color. Inactive ingredients include gelatin, titanium dioxide, shellac, FD & C Blue #2 aluminum lake (E132) (100 and 200 mg capsules), D & C Red #7 calcium lake (E180) (200 and 300 mg capsules), D & C Yellow #10 aluminum lake (300 mg capsule), lactose monohydrate 200 mesh, microcrystalline cellulose, povidone K30, corn starch, sodium starch glycolate, magnesium stearate, sucrose stearate, hypromellose, talc, polysorbate 80, Eudragit NE 30D, and simethicone emulsion. Chemical Structure

10 OVERDOSAGE Clinical Presentation Acute overdosage with tramadol can be manifested by respiratory depression, somnolence progressing to stupor or coma, skeletal muscle flaccidity, cold and clammy skin, constricted pupils, and, in some cases, pulmonary edema, bradycardia, QT prolongation, hypotension, partial or complete airway obstruction, atypical snoring, and death. Marked mydriasis rather than miosis may be seen with hypoxia in overdose situations. [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2) ] . Toxic leukoencephalopathy has been reported after opioid overdose and can present hours, days, or weeks after apparent recovery from the initial intoxication. Treatment of Overdose In case of overdosage, priorities are the reestablishment of a patent and protected airway and institution of assisted or controlled ventilation, if needed. Employ other supportive measures (including oxygen and vasopressors) in the management of circulatory shock and pulmonary edema as indicated. Cardiac arrest or arrhythmias will require advanced life-support measures. For clinically significant respiratory or circulatory depression secondary to opioid overdose, administer an opioid overdose reversal agent such as naloxone or nalmefene. While an opioid overdose reversal agent will reverse some, but not all, symptoms caused by overdosage with tramadol, the risk of seizures is also increased with reversal agent administration. In animals, convulsions following the administration of toxic doses of Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules could be suppressed with barbiturates or benzodiazepines but were increased with naloxone. Naloxone administration did not change the lethality of an overdose in mice. Hemodialysis is not expected to be helpful in an overdose because it removes less than 7% of the administered dose in a 4-hour dialysis period. Because the duration of opioid reversal is expected to be less than the duration of action of tramadol in Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules, carefully monitor the patient until spontaneous respiration is reliably reestablished. Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules will continue to release tramadol and add to the tramadol load for 24 to 48 hours or longer following ingestion, necessitating prolonged monitoring. If the response to an opioid overdose reversal agent is suboptimal or only brief in nature, administer additional reversal agent as directed by the product's prescribing information. In an individual physically dependent on opioids, administration of the recommended usual dosage of the opioid overdose reversal agent will precipitate an acute withdrawal syndrome. The severity of the withdrawal symptoms experienced will depend on the degree of physical dependence and the dose of the reversal agent administered. If a decision is made to treat serious respiratory depression in the physically dependent patient, administration of the reversal agent should be initiated with care and by titration with smaller than usual doses of the reversal agent.

How Supplied / Storage and Handling

openFDA Drug Labeling

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules are supplied as opaque white hard gelatin capsules, imprinted as follows. 100 mg Capsules: White capsule imprinted with blue ink "G 252" on cap and "100" between lines on the body Bottle of 30 capsules: NDC 13811-689-30 200 mg Capsules: White capsule imprinted with violet ink "G 253" on cap and "200" between lines on the body Bottle of 30 capsules: NDC 13811-690-30 300 mg Capsules: White capsule imprinted with red ink "G 254" on cap and "300" between lines on the body Bottle of 30 capsules: NDC 13811-691-30 Dispense in a tight container. Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [ see USP Controlled Room Temperature ]. Keep out of reach of children. Store Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules securely and dispose of properly.

Adverse event reports

Source: openFDA FAERS
38,300
FAERS reports mentioning this drug
as of 2026-09-25T03:42:24+00:00
A report count is not a risk measure. FAERS accepts voluntary and mandatory reports without establishing causation, and reporting is influenced by how widely a drug is used, how long it has been marketed, and media attention. FDA states that reports “do not prove that the drug caused the event”. Compare rates, not totals.

Attributed to this product's most-reported active ingredient: TRAMADOL HYDROCHLORIDE. Combination products with more than six active ingredients are not attributed, because a report count summed across a long ingredient list measures the list, not the medicine.

Packaging and NDCs

Source: NDC Directory
Every National Drug Code package associated with this medication. The NDC is the identifier used for dispensing, billing and pharmacovigilance in the United States.
Package NDC Product NDC Labeler Description Marketing start
13811-689-30 13811-689 Trigen Laboratories, LLC 30 CAPSULE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (13811-689-30) June 22, 2015
13811-690-30 13811-690 Trigen Laboratories, LLC 30 CAPSULE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (13811-690-30) June 22, 2015
13811-691-30 13811-691 Trigen Laboratories, LLC 30 CAPSULE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (13811-691-30) June 22, 2015
13811-689 13811-689 Trigen Laboratories, LLC — June 22, 2015
13811-690 13811-690 Trigen Laboratories, LLC — June 22, 2015
13811-691 13811-691 Trigen Laboratories, LLC — June 22, 2015

Sources for this page

Every dataset that contributed a fact to this page.
Dataset Agency Used for
NDC Directory FDA Identity, ingredients, strengths, forms, routes, labelers, packages
Drugs@FDA FDA Application, sponsor, submissions, review documents, marketing status
Drug Labeling FDA / NLM Prescribing information reproduced above
FAERS FDA Adverse event report counts

Generated September 25, 2026 · 12 sections on this page.