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sirolimus
Overview
Active ingredients
Source: NDC DirectoryForms, strengths and routes
Source: NDC DirectoryPharmacologic classes are listed in the class section below.
Pharmacologic class
Source: NDC Directory| Class | Type | Browse |
|---|---|---|
| Decreased Immunologic Activity [PE] | PE | All 11 members |
| Kinase Inhibitor [EPC] | EPC | All 89 members |
| Protein Kinase Inhibitors [MoA] | MoA | All 41 members |
| mTOR Inhibitor Immunosuppressant [EPC] | EPC | All 11 members |
| mTOR Inhibitors [MoA] | MoA | All 11 members |
Regulatory status
Source: Drugs@FDANDC Directory| Product | Trade name | Form | Strength | Ingredient | Status | TE | Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 201676-001 | SIROLIMUS | TABLET | SIROLIMUS | Prescription | AB | ||
| 201676-002 | SIROLIMUS | TABLET | SIROLIMUS | Prescription | AB | ||
| 201676-003 | SIROLIMUS | TABLET | SIROLIMUS | Prescription | AB |
Therapeutic equivalence
Source: Orange BookWhat this rating means: Therapeutically equivalent — bioequivalence demonstrated by in vivo or in vitro testing
Codes beginning with “A” indicate products the FDA considers therapeutically equivalent. Codes beginning with “B” indicate bioequivalence has not been established. See methodology.
Approval history
Source: Drugs@FDA| Type | No. | Action | Status | Date | Review |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supplement | 14 | Labeling | Approved | October 27, 2023 | Standard |
| Supplement | 13 | Labeling | Approved | October 27, 2023 | Standard |
| Supplement | 11 | Labeling | Approved | October 27, 2023 | Standard |
| Supplement | 9 | Labeling | Approved | October 27, 2023 | Standard |
| Supplement | 8 | Labeling | Approved | October 27, 2023 | Standard |
| Supplement | 7 | Labeling | Approved | October 27, 2023 | Standard |
| Supplement | 6 | Labeling | Approved | October 27, 2023 | Standard |
| Original application | 2 | Not Applicable | Approved | February 15, 2023 | — |
| Supplement | 5 | Labeling | Approved | February 18, 2016 | Standard |
| Supplement | 4 | Labeling | Approved | February 18, 2016 | Standard |
| Supplement | 3 | Labeling | Approved | February 18, 2016 | Standard |
| Supplement | 2 | Labeling | Approved | February 18, 2016 | Standard |
| Supplement | 1 | Labeling | Approved | February 18, 2016 | Standard |
| Original application | 1 | Not Applicable | Approved | January 8, 2014 | — |
Prescribing information
Source: openFDA Drug LabelingReproduced verbatim from the Structured Product Labeling submitted to the FDA (effective 20260603). This is the manufacturer's labelling text, not a summary and not advice.
Boxed Warning
openFDA Drug LabelingWARNING: IMMUNOSUPPRESSION,USE IS NOT RECOMMENDED IN LIVER OR LUNG TRANSPLANT PATIENTS • Increased susceptibility to infection and the possible development of lymphoma and other malignancies may result from immunosuppression Increased susceptibility to infection and the possible development of lymphoma may result from immunosuppression. Only physicians experienced in immunosuppressive therapy and management of renal transplant patients should use sirolimus for prophylaxis of organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants. Patients receiving the drug should be managed in facilities equipped and staffed with adequate laboratory and supportive medical resources. The physician responsible for maintenance therapy should have complete information requisite for the follow-up of the patient [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) ]. • The safety and efficacy of sirolimus as immunosuppressive therapy have not been established in liver or lung transplant patients, and therefore, such use is not recommended [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 , 5.3 ) ]. • Liver Transplantation – Excess Mortality, Graft Loss, and Hepatic Artery Thrombosis (HAT) The use of sirolimus in combination with tacrolimus was associated with excess mortality and graft loss in a study in de novo liver transplant patients. Many of these patients had evidence of infection at or near the time of death. In this and another study in de novo liver transplant patients, the use of sirolimus in combination with cyclosporine or tacrolimus was associated with an increase in HAT; most cases of HAT occurred within 30 days post-transplantation and most led to graft loss or death [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 ) ]. • Lung Transplantation – Bronchial Anastomotic Dehiscence Cases of bronchial anastomotic dehiscence, most fatal, have been reported in de novo lung transplant patients when sirolimus tablets have been used as part of an immunosuppressive regimen [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 ) ]. WARNING: IMMUNOSUPPRESSION, USE IS NOT RECOMMENDED IN LIVER OR LUNG TRANSPLANT PATIENTS See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. • Increased susceptibility to infection and the possible development of lymphoma and other malignancies may result from immunosuppression ( 5.1 ). Only physicians experienced in immunosuppressive therapy and management of renal transplant patients should use sirolimus for prophylaxis of organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants. • The safety and efficacy of sirolimus as immunosuppressive therapy have not been established in liver or lung transplant patients, and therefore, such use is not recommended ( 5.2 , 5.3 ). -Liver Transplantation – Excess mortality, graft loss, and hepatic artery thrombosis ( 5.2 ). -Lung Transplantation – Bronchial anastomotic dehiscence ( 5.3 ).
Recent Major Changes
openFDA Drug LabelingRECENT MAJOR CHANGES Warnings and Precautions, Cannabidiol Drug Interactions ( 5.21 ) 8/2022
Indications and Usage
openFDA Drug Labeling1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Sirolimus tablets are an mTOR inhibitor immunosuppressant indicated for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in patients aged ≥13 years receiving renal transplants: • Patients at low- to moderate-immunologic risk: Use initially with cyclosporine (CsA) and corticosteroids. CsA withdrawal is recommended 2 to 4 months after transplantation ( 1.1 ). • Patients at high-immunologic risk: Use in combination with CsA and corticosteroids for the first 12 months following transplantation ( 1.1 ). Safety and efficacy of CsA withdrawal has not been established in high risk patients ( 1.1 , 1.2 , 14.3 ). • Sirolimus tablets are an mTOR inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis (1.3) 1.1 Prophylaxis of Organ Rejection in Renal Transplantation Sirolimus tablets are indicated for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in patients aged 13 years or older receiving renal transplants. In patients at low-to moderate-immunologic risk , it is recommended that sirolimus tablets be used initially in a regimen with cyclosporine and corticosteroids; cyclosporine should be withdrawn 2 to 4 months after transplantation [ see Dosage and Administration ( 2.2 ) ]. In patients at high-immunologic risk (defined as Black recipients and/or repeat renal transplant recipients who lost a previous allograft for immunologic reason and/or patients with high panel-reactive antibodies [PRA; peak PRA level > 80%]), it is recommended that sirolimus tablets be used in combination with cyclosporine and corticosteroids for the first year following transplantation [ see Dosage and Administration ( 2.3 ), Clinical Studies ( 14.3 ) ]. 1.2 Limitations of Use in Renal Transplantation Cyclosporine withdrawal has not been studied in patients with Banff Grade 3 acute rejection or vascular rejection prior to cyclosporine withdrawal, those who are dialysis-dependent, those with serum creatinine >4.5 mg/dL, Black patients, patients of multi-organ transplants, secondary transplants, or those with high levels of panel-reactive antibodies [ see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 ) ]. In patients at high-immunologic risk , the safety and efficacy of sirolimus tablets used in combination with cyclosporine and corticosteroids has not been studied beyond one year; therefore after the first 12 months following transplantation, any adjustments to the immunosuppressive regimen should be considered on the basis of the clinical status of the patient [ see Clinical Studies ( 14.3 ) ]. In pediatric patients , the safety and efficacy of sirolimus tablets have not been established in patients <13 years old, or in pediatric (<18 years) renal transplant patients considered at high-immunologic risk [ see Adverse Reactions ( 6.5 ), Clinical Studies ( 14.6 ) ]. The safety and efficacy of de novo use of sirolimus tablets without cyclosporine have not been established in renal transplant patients [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.12 ) ]. The safety and efficacy of conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to sirolimus tablets in maintenance renal transplant patients have not been established [ see Clinical Studies ( 14.4 ) ]. 1.3 Treatment of Patients with Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Sirolimus tablets are indicated for the treatment of patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM).
Dosage and Administration
openFDA Drug Labeling2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Sirolimus tablets are to be administered orally once daily, consistently with or without food [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.5 ), Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )]. Tablets should not be crushed, chewed or split. Patients unable to take the tablets should be prescribed the solution and instructed in its use. Renal Transplant Patients: • Administer once daily by mouth, consistently with or without food ( 2 ). • Administer the initial dose as soon as possible after transplantation and 4 hours after CsA ( 2.1 , 7.1 ). • Adjust the sirolimus maintenance dose to achieve sirolimus trough concentrations within the target-range ( 2.5 ). • Hepatic impairment: Reduce maintenance dose in patients with hepatic impairment ( 2.7 , 8.6 , 12.3 ). In renal transplant patients at low-to moderate-immunologic risk: • Sirolimus and CsA Combination Therapy: One loading dose of 6 mg on day 1, followed by daily maintenance doses of 2 mg ( 2.2 ). • Sirolimus Following CsA Withdrawal: 2-4 months post-transplantation, withdraw CsA over 4-8 weeks ( 2.2 ). In renal transplant patients at high-immunologic risk: • Sirolimus and CsA Combination Therapy (for the first 12 months post-transplantation): One loading dose of up to 15 mg on day 1, followed by daily maintenance doses of 5 mg ( 2.3 ). Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Patients: • Administer once daily by mouth, consistently with or without food ( 2 ). • Recommended initial sirolimus dose is 2 mg/day ( 2.4 ). • Adjust the sirolimus dose to achieve sirolimus trough concentrations between 5-15 ng/mL ( 2.4 ). • Hepatic impairment: Reduce maintenance dose in patients with hepatic impairment ( 2.7 , 8.6 , 12.3 ). Therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended for all patients ( 2.5 , 5.17 ). 2.1 General Dosing Guidance for Renal Transplant Patients The initial dose of sirolimus tablets should be administered as soon as possible after transplantation. It is recommended that sirolimus tablets be taken 4 hours after administration of cyclosporine oral solution (MODIFIED) and or/cyclosporine capsules (MODIFIED) [see Drug Interactions ( 7.2 )]. Frequent sirolimus tablets dose adjustments based on non-steady-state sirolimus concentrations can lead to overdosing or underdosing because sirolimus has a long half-life. Once sirolimus tablets maintenance dose is adjusted, patients should continue on the new maintenance dose for at least 7 to 14 days before further dosage adjustment with concentration monitoring. In most patients, dose adjustments can be based on simple proportion: new sirolimus tablets dose = current dose x (target concentration/current concentration). A loading dose should be considered in addition to a new maintenance dose when it is necessary to increase sirolimus trough concentrations: Sirolimus tablets loading dose = 3 x (new maintenance dose -current maintenance dose). The maximum sirolimus tablets dose administered on any day should not exceed 40 mg. If an estimated daily dose exceeds 40 mg due to the addition of a loading dose, the loading dose should be administered over 2 days. Sirolimus trough concentrations should be monitored at least 3 to 4 days after a loading dose(s). Two milligrams (2 mg) of sirolimus oral solution have been demonstrated to be clinically equivalent to 2 mg sirolimus tablets; hence, at this dose these two formulations are interchangeable. However, it is not known if higher doses of sirolimus oral solution are clinically equivalent to higher doses of sirolimus tablets on a mg-to-mg basis [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )]. 2.2 Renal Transplant Patients at Low-to Moderate-Immunologic Risk Sirolimus tablets and Cyclosporine Combination Therapy For de novo renal transplant patients, it is recommended that sirolimus oral solution and tablets be used initially in a regimen with cyclosporine and corticosteroids. A loading dose of sirolimus tablets equivalent to 3 times the maintenance dose should be given, i.e. a daily maintenance dose of 2 mg should be pr …
Dosage Forms and Strengths
openFDA Drug Labeling3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS • Tablets: 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg ( 3.2 ). 3.2 Sirolimus Tablets • 0.5 mg, grey to greenish grey colored film-coated, round shaped beveled edge standard convex tablets debossed with “Y” on one side and “7” on the other side. • 1 mg, white to off-white colored film-coated, round shaped beveled edge standard convex tablets debossed with “Y” on one side and “77” on the other side. • 2 mg, yellow to orange yellow colored film-coated, round shaped beveled edge standard convex tablets debossed with “Y” on one side and “71” on the other side.
Contraindications
openFDA Drug Labeling4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Sirolimus tablets are contraindicated in patients with a hypersensitivity to sirolimus [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 ) ]. Hypersensitivity to sirolimus tablets ( 4 ).
Warnings and Cautions
openFDA Drug Labeling5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS • Hypersensitivity Reactions ( 5.4 ) • Angioedema ( 5.5 ) • Fluid Accumulation and Impairment of Wound Healing ( 5.6 ) • Hyperlipidemia ( 5.7 ) • Decline in Renal Function ( 5.8 ) • Proteinuria ( 5.9 ) • Latent Viral Infections ( 5.10 ) • Interstitial Lung Disease/Non-Infectious Pneumonitis ( 5.11 ) • De Novo Use Without Cyclosporine ( 5.12 ) • Increased Risk of Calcineurin Inhibitor-Induced Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome/ Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura/ Thrombotic Microangiopathy ( 5.13 ) • Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Can cause fetal harm. Use of highly effective contraception is recommended for females of reproductive potential during treatment and for 12 weeks after final dose of sirolimus ( 5.15 , 8.1 ) • Male Infertility: Azoospermia or oligospermia may occur ( 5.16 , 13.1 ) • Immunizations: Avoid live vaccines ( 5.19 ) 5.1 Increased Susceptibility to Infection and the Possible Development of Lymphoma Increased susceptibility to infection and the possible development of lymphoma and other malignancies, particularly of the skin, may result from immunosuppression. The rates of lymphoma/lymphoproliferative disease observed in Studies 1 and 2 were 0.7-3.2% (for sirolimus -treated patients) versus 0.6-0.8% (azathioprine and placebo control) [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 ) and ( 6.2 )] . Oversuppression of the immune system can also increase susceptibility to infection, including opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis, fatal infections, and sepsis. Only physicians experienced in immunosuppressive therapy and management of organ transplant patients should use sirolimus for prophylaxis of organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants. Patients receiving the drug should be managed in facilities equipped and staffed with adequate laboratory and supportive medical resources. The physician responsible for maintenance therapy should have complete information requisite for the follow-up of the patient. 5.2 Liver Transplantation – Excess Mortality, Graft Loss, and Hepatic Artery Thrombosis The safety and efficacy of sirolimus as immunosuppressive therapy have not been established in liver transplant patients; therefore, such use is not recommended. The use of sirolimus has been associated with adverse outcomes in patients following liver transplantation, including excess mortality, graft loss and hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT). In a study in de novo liver transplant patients, the use of sirolimus in combination with tacrolimus was associated with excess mortality and graft loss (22% in combination versus 9% on tacrolimus alone). Many of these patients had evidence of infection at or near the time of death. In this and another study in de novo liver transplant patients, the use of sirolimus in combination with cyclosporine or tacrolimus was associated with an increase in HAT (7% in combination versus 2% in the control arm); most cases of HAT occurred within 30 days post-transplantation, and most led to graft loss or death. In a clinical study in stable liver transplant patients 6-144 months post-liver transplantation and receiving a CNI-based regimen, an increased number of deaths was observed in the group converted to a sirolimus-based regimen compared to the group who was continued on a CNI-based regimen, although the difference was not statistically significant (3.8% versus 1.4%) [see Clinical Studies ( 14.5 )]. 5.3 Lung Transplantation – Bronchial Anastomotic Dehiscence Cases of bronchial anastomotic dehiscence, most fatal, have been reported in de novo lung transplant patients when sirolimus tablets have been used as part of an immunosuppressive regimen. The safety and efficacy of sirolimus as immunosuppressive therapy have not been established in lung transplant patients; therefore, such use is not recommended. 5.4 Hypersensitivity Reactions Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions, angioedema, exfoliative dermatitis and hypersensitivity vasculitis, have been …
Adverse Reactions
openFDA Drug Labeling6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the label. Increased susceptibility to infection, lymphoma, and malignancy [ see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) ] Excess mortality, graft loss, and hepatic artery thrombosis in liver transplant patients [ see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 ) ] Bronchial anastomotic dehiscence in lung transplant patients [ see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 ) ] Hypersensitivity reactions [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 ) ] Exfoliative dermatitis [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 ) ] Angioedema [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 ) ] Fluid accumulation and impairment of wound healing [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 ) ] Hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 ) ] Decline in renal function in long-term combination of cyclosporine with sirolimus [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 ) ] Proteinuria [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 ) ] Interstitial lung disease [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.11 ) ] Increased risk of calcineurin inhibitor-induced HUS/TTP/TMA [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.13 ) ] Embryo-fetal toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.15 )] Male infertility [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.16 )] The most common (≥ 30%) adverse reactions observed with sirolimus in clinical studies for organ rejection prophylaxis in recipients of renal transplantation are: peripheral edema, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, creatinine increased, constipation, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, fever, urinary tract infection, anemia, nausea, arthralgia, pain, and thrombocytopenia. The most common (≥20%) adverse reactions observed with sirolimus in the clinical study for the treatment of LAM are: stomatitis, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, nasopharyngitis, acne, chest pain, peripheral edema, upper respiratory tract infection, headache, dizziness, myalgia, and hypercholesterolemia. The following adverse reactions resulted in a rate of discontinuation of > 5% in clinical trials for renal transplant rejection prophylaxis: creatinine increased, hypertriglyceridemia, and TTP. In patients with LAM, 11% of subjects discontinued due to adverse reactions, with no single adverse reaction leading to discontinuation in more than one patient being treated with sirolimus. Prophylaxis of organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants: Most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥ 30%) are peripheral edema, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, creatinine increased, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, fever, urinary tract infection, anemia, nausea, arthralgia, pain, and thrombocytopenia ( 6 ). Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: Most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥20%) are stomatitis, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, nasopharyngitis, acne, chest pain, peripheral edema, upper respiratory tract infection, headache, dizziness, myalgia, and hypercholesterolemia ( 6.6 ). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Zydus Pharmaceuticals (USA) Inc. at 1-877-993-8779, or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Studies Experience in Prophylaxis of Organ Rejection Following Renal Transplantation The safety and efficacy of sirolimus oral solution for the prevention of organ rejection following renal transplantation were assessed in two randomized, double blind, multicenter, controlled trials [ see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 ) ]. The safety profiles in the two studies were similar. The incidence of adverse reactions in the randomized, double blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial (Study 2) in which 219 renal transplant patients received sirolimus oral solution 2 mg/day, 208 received sirolimus oral solution 5 mg/day, and 124 received placebo is presented in Table 1 below. The study population had a mean age of 46 years (range 15 to 71 years), the distribution was 67% male, and the composition by …
Drug Interactions
openFDA Drug Labeling7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Sirolimus is known to be a substrate for both cytochrome P-450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and p-glycoprotein (P-gp). Inducers of CYP3A4 and P-gp may decrease sirolimus concentrations whereas inhibitors of CYP3A4 and P-gp may increase sirolimus concentrations. • Avoid concomitant use with strong CYP3A4/P-gp inducers or strong CYP3A4/P-gp inhibitors that decrease or increase sirolimus concentrations ( 7.4 , 12.3 ). • Se Therapeutic drug monitoring and dose reduction for sirolimus should be considered when sirolimus is co-administered with cannabidiol ( 5.21 , 7.5 ). • See full prescribing information for complete list of clinically significant drug interactions ( 12.3 ). 7.1 Use with Cyclosporine Cyclosporine, a substrate and inhibitor of CYP3A4 and P-gp, was demonstrated to increase sirolimus concentrations when co-administered with sirolimus. In order to diminish the effect of this interaction with cyclosporine, it is recommended that sirolimus be taken 4 hours after administration of cyclosporine oral solution (MODIFIED) and/or cyclosporine capsules (MODIFIED). If cyclosporine is withdrawn from combination therapy with sirolimus, higher doses of sirolimus are needed to maintain the recommended sirolimus trough concentration ranges [ see Dosage and Administration ( 2.2 ), Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 ) ]. 7.2 Strong Inducers and Strong Inhibitors of CYP3A4 and P-gp Avoid concomitant use of sirolimus with strong inducers (e.g., rifampin, rifabutin) and strong inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, erythromycin, telithromycin, clarithromycin) of CYP3A4 and P-gp. Alternative agents with lesser interaction potential with sirolimus should be considered [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.20 ), Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 ) ]. 7.3 Grapefruit Juice Because grapefruit juice inhibits the CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of sirolimus, it must not be taken with or be used for dilution of sirolimus [ see Drug Interactions ( 7.3 ), Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 ) ]. 7.4 Weak and Moderate Inducers or Inhibitors of CYP3A4 and P-gp Exercise caution when using sirolimus with drugs or agents that are modulators of CYP3A4 and P-gp. The dosage of sirolimus and/or the co-administered drug may need to be adjusted [ see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 ) ]. • Drugs that could increase sirolimus blood concentrations: Bromocriptine, cimetidine, cisapride, clotrimazole, danazol, diltiazem, fluconazole, letermovir, protease inhibitors (e.g., HIV and hepatitis C that include drugs such as ritonavir, indinavir, boceprevir, and telaprevir), metoclopramide, nicardipine, troleandomycin, verapamil • Drugs and other agents that could decrease sirolimus concentrations: Carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifapentine, St. John’s Wort ( Hypericum perforatum ) • Drugs with concentrations that could increase when given with sirolimus: Verapamil 7.5 Cannabidiol The blood levels of sirolimus may increase upon concomitant use with cannabidiol. When cannabidiol and sirolimus are co-administered, closely monitor for an increase in sirolimus blood levels and for adverse reactions suggestive of sirolimus toxicity. A dose reduction of sirolimus should be considered as needed when sirolimus is co-administered with cannabidiol [ see Dosage and Administration ( Error! Hyperlink reference not valid. ) and Warnings and Precautions ( Error! Hyperlink reference not valid. ) ].
Use in Specific Populations
openFDA Drug Labeling8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS • Pregnancy: Based on animal data can cause fetal harm ( 5.15 , 8.1 ). • Lactation: Potential for serious adverse effects in breastfed infants based on mechanism of action ( 8.2 ). • Females and Males of Reproductive Potential: May impair fertility ( 8.1 , 8.3 , 13.1 ). 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on animal studies and the mechanism of action, sirolimus can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [ see Data, Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.1 ) ]. There are limited data on the use of sirolimus during pregnancy; however, these data are insufficient to inform a drug-associated risk of adverse developmental outcomes. In animal studies, sirolimus was embryo/fetotoxic in rats at sub-therapeutic doses [ see Data ]. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. Data Animal Data Sirolimus crossed the placenta and was toxic to the conceptus. In rat embryo-fetal development studies, pregnant rats were administered sirolimus orally during the period of organogenesis (Gestational Day 6 to 15). Sirolimus produced embryo-fetal lethality at 0.5 mg/kg (2.5-fold the clinical dose of 2 mg, on a body surface area basis) and reduced fetal weight at 1 mg/kg (5-fold the clinical dose of 2 mg). The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for fetal toxicity in rats was 0.1 mg/kg (0.5-fold the clinical dose of 2 mg). Maternal toxicity (weight loss) was observed at 2 mg/kg (10-fold the clinical dose of 2 mg). The NOAEL for maternal toxicity was 1 mg/kg. In combination with cyclosporine, rats had increased embryo-fetal mortality compared with sirolimus alone. In rabbit embryo-fetal development studies, pregnant rabbits were administered sirolimus orally during the period of organogenesis (Gestational Day 6 to 18). There were no effects on embryo-fetal development at doses up to 0.05 mg/kg (0.5-fold the clinical dose of 2 mg, on a body surface area basis); however, at doses of 0.05 mg/kg and above, the ability to sustain a successful pregnancy was impaired (i.e., embryo-fetal abortion or early resorption). Maternal toxicity (decreased body weight) was observed at 0.05 mg/kg. The NOAEL for maternal toxicity was 0.025 mg/kg (0.25-fold the clinical dose of 2 mg). In a pre- and post-natal development study in rats, pregnant females were dosed during gestation and lactation (Gestational Day 6 through Lactation Day 20). An increased incidence of dead pups, resulting in reduced live litter size, occurred at 0.5 mg/kg (2.5-fold the clinical dose of 2 mg/kg on a body surface area basis). At 0.1 mg/kg (0.5-fold the clinical dose of 2 mg), there were no adverse effects on offspring. Sirolimus did not cause maternal toxicity or affect developmental parameters in the surviving offspring (morphological development, motor activity, learning, or fertility assessment) at 0.5 mg/kg, the highest dose tested. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary It is not known whether sirolimus is present in human milk. There are no data on its effects on the breastfed infant or milk production. The pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of sirolimus in infants are not known. Sirolimus is present in the milk of lactating rats. There is potential for serious adverse effects from sirolimus in breastfed infants based on mechanism of action [ see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.1 )]. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for sirolimus and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from sirolimus. 8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential Contraception Females should not be pregnant or become pregnant while receiving sirolimus. Advise females of reproductive potential that animal studi …
Mechanism of Action
openFDA Drug Labeling12.1 Mechanism of Action Sirolimus inhibits T-lymphocyte activation and proliferation that occurs in response to antigenic and cytokine (Interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, and IL-15) stimulation by a mechanism that is distinct from that of other immunosuppressants. Sirolimus also inhibits antibody production. In cells, sirolimus binds to the immunophilin, FK Binding Protein-12 (FKBP-12), to generate an immunosuppressive complex. The sirolimus:FKBP-12 complex has no effect on calcineurin activity. This complex binds to and inhibits the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a key regulatory kinase. This inhibition suppresses cytokine-driven T-cell proliferation, inhibiting the progression from the G 1 to the S phase of the cell cycle. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors such as sirolimus have been shown in vitro to inhibit production of certain growth factors that may affect angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, and vascular permeability. Studies in experimental models show that sirolimus prolongs allograft (kidney, heart, skin, islet, small bowel, pancreatico-duodenal, and bone marrow) survival in mice, rats, pigs, and/or primates. Sirolimus reverses acute rejection of heart and kidney allografts in rats and prolongs the graft survival in presensitized rats. In some studies, the immunosuppressive effect of sirolimus lasts up to 6 months after discontinuation of therapy. This tolerization effect is alloantigen-specific. In rodent models of autoimmune disease, sirolimus suppresses immune-mediated events associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, collagen-induced arthritis, autoimmune type I diabetes, autoimmune myocarditis, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, graft-versus-host disease, and autoimmune uveoretinitis. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis involves lung tissue infiltration with smooth muscle-like cells that harbor inactivating mutations of the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) gene (LAM cells). Loss of TSC gene function activates the mTOR signaling pathway, resulting in cellular proliferation and release of lymphangiogenic growth factors. Sirolimus inhibits the activated mTOR pathway and thus the proliferation of LAM cells.
Description
openFDA Drug Labeling11 DESCRIPTION Sirolimus is an mTOR inhibitor immunosuppressive agent. Sirolimus is a macrocyclic lactone produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus . The chemical name of sirolimus (also known as rapamycin) is (3 S ,6 R ,7 E ,9 R ,10 R ,12 R ,14 S ,15 E ,17 E ,19 E ,21 S ,23 S ,26 R ,27 R ,34a S )-9,10,12,13,14,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,32,33,34,34a-hexadecahydro-9,27-dihydroxy-3-[(1 R )-2-[(1 S ,3 R ,4 R )-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]-1-methylethyl]-10,21-dimethoxy-6,8,12,14,20,26-hexamethyl-23,27-epoxy-3 H -pyrido[2,1-c] [1,4] oxaazacyclohentriacontine-1,5,11,28,29 (4 H ,6 H ,31 H )-pentone. Its molecular formula is C 51 H 79 NO 13 and its molecular weight is 914.2. The structural formula of sirolimus is illustrated as follows. Sirolimus is a white to off-white powder and is freely soluble in chloroform, acetone, and acetonitrile, insoluble in water. Sirolimus tablets are available as a grey to greenish grey colored film-coated, round shaped beveled edge standard convex tablet containing 0.5 mg sirolimus; as a white to off-white colored film-coated, round shaped beveled edge standard convex tablet containing 1 mg sirolimus; and as a yellow to orange yellow colored film-coated, round shaped beveled edge standard convex tablet containing 2 mg sirolimus. Sirolimus tablets, 2 mg contains FD&C yellow No. 6 as a color additive. The inactive ingredients in sirolimus tablets include: croscarmellose sodium, dl -alpha tocopherol, edetate disodium, glyceryl behenate, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, poloxamer 188, polyethylene glycol, sucrose and titanium dioxide. Additionally, the 0.5 mg dosage strength also contains: iron oxide black, iron oxide yellow and iron oxide red and the 2 mg dosage strength also contains: D&C yellow #10, FD&C yellow #6 and FD&C blue #2. structure
Overdosage
openFDA Drug Labeling10 OVERDOSAGE Reports of overdose with sirolimus have been received; however, experience has been limited. In general, the adverse effects of overdose are consistent with those listed in the adverse reactions section [ see Adverse Reactions ( 6 ) ]. General supportive measures should be followed in all cases of overdose. Based on the low aqueous solubility and high erythrocyte and plasma protein binding of sirolimus, it is anticipated that sirolimus is not dialyzable to any significant extent. In mice and rats, the acute oral LD 50 was greater than 800 mg/kg.
How Supplied / Storage and Handling
openFDA Drug Labeling16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Since sirolimus is not absorbed through the skin, there are no special precautions. However, if direct contact occurs with the skin or eyes, wash skin thoroughly with soap and water; rinse eyes with plain water. Do not use Sirolimus Tablets after the expiration date. The expiration date refers to the last day of that month. 16.2 Sirolimus Tablets Sirolimus Tablets, 0.5 mg are yellow, round, biconvex, coated tablets debossed with "1" in on one side and plain on other side and are supplied as follows: NDC 68382-520-06 in bottle of 30 tablets with child-resistant closure. NDC 68382-520-16 in bottle of 90 tablets with child-resistant closure. NDC 68382-520-01 in bottle of 100 tablets with child-resistant closure. NDC 68382-520-05 in bottle of 500 tablets NDC 68382-520-10 in bottle of 1000 tablets NDC 68382-520-77 in unit-dose blister cartons of 100 (10 x 10) unit dose tablets Sirolimus Tablets, 1 mg are white to off-white, round, biconvex, film-coated tablets debossed with 11 on one side and plain on other side and are supplied as follows: NDC 68382-351-01 in bottle of 100 tablets with child-resistant closure. NDC 68382-351-77 in unit-dose blister cartons of 100 (10 x 10) unit dose tablets Sirolimus Tablets, 2 mg are yellow, round, biconvex, coated tablets, debossed with 21 on one side and plain on other side and are supplied as follows: NDC 68382-352-01 in bottle of 100 tablets with child-resistant closure. NDC 68382-352-77 in unit-dose blister cartons of 100 (10 x 10) unit dose tablets Storage Store at 20°C to 25°C (68F° to 77°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Use cartons to protect blister cards and strips from light. Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP.
Adverse event reports
Source: openFDA FAERSAttributed to this product's most-reported active ingredient: SIROLIMUS. Combination products with more than six active ingredients are not attributed, because a report count summed across a long ingredient list measures the list, not the medicine.
Packaging and NDCs
Source: NDC Directory| Package NDC | Product NDC | Labeler | Description | Marketing start |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 60687-902-21 | 60687-902 | American Health Packaging | 30 BLISTER PACK in 1 CARTON (60687-902-21) / 1 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BLISTER PACK (60687-902-11) | June 2, 2026 |
| 67877-746-01 | 67877-746 | Ascend Laboratories, LLC | 100 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (67877-746-01) | March 13, 2021 |
| 67877-746-05 | 67877-746 | Ascend Laboratories, LLC | 500 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (67877-746-05) | March 13, 2021 |
| 67877-746-30 | 67877-746 | Ascend Laboratories, LLC | 30 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (67877-746-30) | March 13, 2021 |
| 67877-746-38 | 67877-746 | Ascend Laboratories, LLC | 100 BLISTER PACK in 1 CARTON (67877-746-38) / 10 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BLISTER PACK (67877-746-33) | March 13, 2021 |
| 67877-747-01 | 67877-747 | Ascend Laboratories, LLC | 100 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (67877-747-01) | March 13, 2021 |
| 67877-747-05 | 67877-747 | Ascend Laboratories, LLC | 500 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (67877-747-05) | March 13, 2021 |
| 67877-747-30 | 67877-747 | Ascend Laboratories, LLC | 30 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (67877-747-30) | March 13, 2021 |
| 67877-747-38 | 67877-747 | Ascend Laboratories, LLC | 100 BLISTER PACK in 1 CARTON (67877-747-38) / 10 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BLISTER PACK (67877-747-33) | March 13, 2021 |
| 67877-748-01 | 67877-748 | Ascend Laboratories, LLC | 100 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (67877-748-01) | March 13, 2021 |
| 67877-748-05 | 67877-748 | Ascend Laboratories, LLC | 500 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (67877-748-05) | March 13, 2021 |
| 67877-748-30 | 67877-748 | Ascend Laboratories, LLC | 30 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (67877-748-30) | March 13, 2021 |
| 67877-748-38 | 67877-748 | Ascend Laboratories, LLC | 100 BLISTER PACK in 1 CARTON (67877-748-38) / 10 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BLISTER PACK (67877-748-33) | March 13, 2021 |
| 68462-682-01 | 68462-682 | Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Inc., USA | 100 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (68462-682-01) | October 16, 2020 |
| 68462-683-01 | 68462-683 | Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Inc., USA | 100 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (68462-683-01) | October 16, 2020 |
| 68462-684-01 | 68462-684 | Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Inc., USA | 100 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (68462-684-01) | October 16, 2020 |
| 0904-7248-04 | 0904-7248 | Major Pharmaceuticals | 30 BLISTER PACK in 1 CARTON (0904-7248-04) / 1 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BLISTER PACK | June 21, 2022 |
| 16714-187-01 | 16714-187 | NORTHSTAR RX LLC | 100 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (16714-187-01) | October 18, 2021 |
| 16714-188-01 | 16714-188 | NORTHSTAR RX LLC | 100 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (16714-188-01) | October 18, 2021 |
| 16714-189-01 | 16714-189 | NORTHSTAR RX LLC | 100 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (16714-189-01) | October 18, 2021 |
| 70518-4376-0 | 70518-4376 | REMEDYREPACK INC. | 100 POUCH in 1 BOX (70518-4376-0) / 1 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 POUCH (70518-4376-1) | June 28, 2025 |
| 70518-4449-0 | 70518-4449 | REMEDYREPACK INC. | 100 POUCH in 1 BOX (70518-4449-0) / 1 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 POUCH (70518-4449-1) | August 19, 2025 |
| 65841-771-01 | 65841-771 | Zydus Lifesciences Limited | 100 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (65841-771-01) | January 15, 2014 |
| 65841-771-05 | 65841-771 | Zydus Lifesciences Limited | 500 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (65841-771-05) | January 15, 2014 |
| 65841-771-06 | 65841-771 | Zydus Lifesciences Limited | 30 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (65841-771-06) | January 15, 2014 |
| 65841-771-10 | 65841-771 | Zydus Lifesciences Limited | 1000 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (65841-771-10) | January 15, 2014 |
| 65841-771-16 | 65841-771 | Zydus Lifesciences Limited | 90 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (65841-771-16) | January 15, 2014 |
| 65841-771-77 | 65841-771 | Zydus Lifesciences Limited | 10 BLISTER PACK in 1 CARTON (65841-771-77) / 10 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BLISTER PACK (65841-771-30) | January 15, 2014 |
| 65841-772-01 | 65841-772 | Zydus Lifesciences Limited | 100 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (65841-772-01) | February 16, 2023 |
| 65841-772-77 | 65841-772 | Zydus Lifesciences Limited | 10 BLISTER PACK in 1 CARTON (65841-772-77) / 10 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BLISTER PACK (65841-772-30) | February 16, 2023 |
| 65841-773-01 | 65841-773 | Zydus Lifesciences Limited | 100 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (65841-773-01) | February 16, 2023 |
| 65841-773-77 | 65841-773 | Zydus Lifesciences Limited | 10 BLISTER PACK in 1 CARTON (65841-773-77) / 10 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BLISTER PACK (65841-773-30) | February 16, 2023 |
| 68382-351-01 | 68382-351 | Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. | 100 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (68382-351-01) | February 16, 2023 |
| 68382-351-77 | 68382-351 | Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. | 10 BLISTER PACK in 1 CARTON (68382-351-77) / 10 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BLISTER PACK (68382-351-30) | February 16, 2023 |
| 68382-352-01 | 68382-352 | Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. | 100 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (68382-352-01) | February 16, 2023 |
| 68382-352-77 | 68382-352 | Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. | 10 BLISTER PACK in 1 CARTON (68382-352-77) / 10 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BLISTER PACK (68382-352-30) | February 16, 2023 |
| 68382-520-01 | 68382-520 | Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. | 100 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (68382-520-01) | January 15, 2014 |
| 68382-520-05 | 68382-520 | Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. | 500 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (68382-520-05) | January 15, 2014 |
| 68382-520-06 | 68382-520 | Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. | 30 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (68382-520-06) | January 15, 2014 |
| 68382-520-10 | 68382-520 | Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. | 1000 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (68382-520-10) | January 15, 2014 |
| 68382-520-16 | 68382-520 | Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. | 90 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (68382-520-16) | January 15, 2014 |
| 68382-520-77 | 68382-520 | Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. | 10 BLISTER PACK in 1 CARTON (68382-520-77) / 10 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BLISTER PACK (68382-520-30) | January 15, 2014 |
| 60687-902 | 60687-902 | American Health Packaging | — | June 2, 2026 |
| 67877-746 | 67877-746 | Ascend Laboratories, LLC | — | March 13, 2021 |
| 67877-747 | 67877-747 | Ascend Laboratories, LLC | — | March 13, 2021 |
| 67877-748 | 67877-748 | Ascend Laboratories, LLC | — | March 13, 2021 |
| 68462-682 | 68462-682 | Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Inc., USA | — | October 16, 2020 |
| 68462-683 | 68462-683 | Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Inc., USA | — | October 16, 2020 |
| 68462-684 | 68462-684 | Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Inc., USA | — | October 16, 2020 |
| 0904-7248 | 0904-7248 | Major Pharmaceuticals | — | March 13, 2021 |
| 16714-187 | 16714-187 | NORTHSTAR RX LLC | — | October 18, 2021 |
| 16714-188 | 16714-188 | NORTHSTAR RX LLC | — | October 18, 2021 |
| 16714-189 | 16714-189 | NORTHSTAR RX LLC | — | October 18, 2021 |
| 70518-4376 | 70518-4376 | REMEDYREPACK INC. | — | June 28, 2025 |
| 70518-4449 | 70518-4449 | REMEDYREPACK INC. | — | August 19, 2025 |
| 65841-771 | 65841-771 | Zydus Lifesciences Limited | — | January 15, 2014 |
| 65841-772 | 65841-772 | Zydus Lifesciences Limited | — | February 16, 2023 |
| 65841-773 | 65841-773 | Zydus Lifesciences Limited | — | February 16, 2023 |
| 68382-351 | 68382-351 | Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. | — | February 16, 2023 |
| 68382-352 | 68382-352 | Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. | — | February 16, 2023 |
| 68382-520 | 68382-520 | Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. | — | January 15, 2014 |
Sources for this page
| Dataset | Agency | Used for |
|---|---|---|
| NDC Directory | FDA | Identity, ingredients, strengths, forms, routes, labelers, packages |
| Drugs@FDA | FDA | Application, sponsor, submissions, review documents, marketing status |
| Orange Book | FDA | Therapeutic equivalence codes, reference drug flags, patents, exclusivity |
| Drug Labeling | FDA / NLM | Prescribing information reproduced above |
| FAERS | FDA | Adverse event report counts |
Generated September 25, 2026 · 12 sections on this page.