Pilocarpine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Pilocarpine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution is indicated for the treatment of presbyopia in adults. Pilocarpine hydrochloride is a cholinergic muscarinic receptor agonist indicated for the treatment of presbyopia in adults. ( 1 )

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION The recommended dosage of pilocarpine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution is one drop in each eye once daily. If more than one topical ophthalmic product is being used, the products should be administered at least 5 minutes apart. Instill one drop of pilocarpine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 1.25% in each eye once daily. ( 2 )

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Pilocarpine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution, USP is a clear, colorless, sterile ophthalmic solution containing 1.25% (12.5 mg/mL) of pilocarpine hydrochloride. Ophthalmic solution containing pilocarpine hydrochloride USP, 1.25%. ( 3 )

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Pilocarpine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the active ingredient or to any of the excipients. Hypersensitivity. ( 4 )

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in labeling: Hypersensitivity [see Contraindications ( 4) ] Most common adverse reactions (> 5%) are headache, conjunctival hyperemia and eye irritation. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC at 1-877-835-5472 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Pilocarpine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution dosed once daily was evaluated in 375 participants with presbyopia in two randomized, double-masked, vehicle-controlled studies (GEMINI 1 and GEMINI 2) of 30 days duration. The most common adverse reactions reported in > 5% of participants were headache and conjunctival hyperemia. Ocular adverse reactions reported in 1% to 5% of participants were blurred vision, eye pain, visual impairment, eye irritation and increased lacrimation. 6.2 Post-marketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of pilocarpine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to pilocarpine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution exposure. Eye disorders: vitreous detachment, vitreomacular traction, retinal tear, retinal detachment.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of pilocarpine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution administration in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk. Oral administration of pilocarpine to pregnant rats throughout organogenesis and lactation did not produce adverse effects at clinically relevant doses. Data Human Data No adequate and well-controlled trials of pilocarpine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution have been conducted in pregnant women. In a retrospective case series of 15 women with glaucoma, 4 patients used ophthalmic pilocarpine either pre-pregnancy, during pregnancy or postpartum. There were no adverse effects observed in patients or in their infants. Animal Data In embryofetal development studies, oral administration of pilocarpine to pregnant rats throughout organogenesis produced maternal toxicity, skeletal anomalies and reduction in fetal body weight at 90 mg/kg/day (approximately 485-fold higher than the maximum human ophthalmic dose [MHOD] of 0.015 mg/kg/day, on a mg/m 2 basis). In a peri-/postnatal study in rats, oral administration of pilocarpine during late gestation through lactation increased stillbirths at a dose of 36 mg/kg/day (approximately 195-fold higher than the MHOD). Decreased neonatal survival and reduced mean body weight of pups were observed at ≥ 18 mg/kg/day (approximately 100 times the maximum human ophthalmic dose of pilocarpine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution). 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary There is no information regarding the presence of pilocarpine in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infants or the effects on milk production to inform risk of pilocarpine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution to an infant during lactation. Pilocarpine and/or its metabolites are excreted in the milk of lactating rats. Systemic levels of pilocarpine following topical ocular administration are low [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3) ] and it is not known whether measurable levels of pilocarpine would be present in maternal milk following topical ocular administration. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for pilocarpine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from pilocarpine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution. Data Animal Data Following a single oral administration of 14 C-pilocarpine to lactating rats, the radioactivity concentrations in milk were similar to those in plasma. 8.4 Pediatric Use Presbyopia does not occur in the pediatric population. 8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of pilocarpine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution did not include participants aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger participants. Other reported clinical experience with ophthalmic pilocarpine solutions have not identified overall differences in safety between elderly and younger participants.

12.1 Mechanism of Action Pilocarpine hydrochloride is a cholinergic muscarinic agonist which activates muscarinic receptors located at smooth muscles such as the iris sphincter muscle and ciliary muscle. Pilocarpine hydrochloride contracts the iris sphincter muscle, constricting the pupil to improve near and intermediate visual acuity while maintaining some pupillary response to light. Pilocarpine hydrochloride also contracts the ciliary muscle and may shift the eye to a more myopic state.

11 DESCRIPTION Pilocarpine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution USP, 1.25% is a cholinergic muscarinic receptor agonist prepared as an isotonic, clear, colorless, sterile ophthalmic solution containing 1.25% of pilocarpine hydrochloride, USP. The chemical name for pilocarpine hydrochloride, USP is (3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]-oxolan-2-one hydrochloride. Its molecular weight is 244.72 g/mol and its molecular formula is C 11 H 16 N 2 O 2 · HCl. Its structural formula is: Pilocarpine hydrochloride, USP is a white or almost white, crystalline powder or colorless crystals hygroscopic. It is very soluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in chloroform and insoluble in ether. Each mL of Pilocarpine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution, USP contains: Active: Pilocarpine hydrochloride USP, 1.25% (12.5 mg) equivalent to 1.06% (10.6 mg) pilocarpine free-base. Preservative: Benzalkonium chloride, 0.0075%. Inactives: Boric acid, sodium citrate dihydrate, sodium chloride, water for injection and may also include hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide for pH adjustment to between 3.5 and 5.5, if necessary. 1

10 OVERDOSAGE Systemic toxicity following topical ocular administration of pilocarpine is rare, but occasionally patients who are sensitive may develop sweating and gastrointestinal overactivity. Accidental ingestion can produce sweating, salivation, nausea, tremors and slowing of the pulse and a decrease in blood pressure. In moderate overdosage, spontaneous recovery is to be expected and is aided by intravenous fluids to compensate for dehydration. For patients demonstrating severe poisoning, atropine, the pharmacologic antagonist to pilocarpine, should be used.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Pilocarpine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution USP, 1.25% is supplied as a sterile, clear, colorless solution filled in low density polyethylene white opaque bottle and low density polyethylene white opaque nozzle with, dark green colored high density polyethylene cap. It is available as follows: 2.5 mL in 5 mL Bottle (Filled to 1/2 Capacity): NDC 60219-2366-2 5 mL in 5 mL Bottle: NDC 60219-2649-1 Storage Store at 15° to 25°C (59° to 77°F). After opening, pilocarpine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution, USP can be used until the expiration date on the bottle.