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Methadone Hydrochloride
Overview
Active ingredients
Source: NDC DirectoryForms, strengths and routes
Source: NDC DirectoryPharmacologic classes are listed in the class section below.
Pharmacologic class
Source: NDC Directory| Class | Type | Browse |
|---|---|---|
| Full Opioid Agonists [MoA] | MoA | All 74 members |
| Opioid Agonist [EPC] | EPC | All 109 members |
Regulatory status
Source: Drugs@FDANDC Directory| Product | Trade name | Form | Strength | Ingredient | Status | TE | Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 211228-001 | METHADONE HYDROCHLORIDE | TABLET | METHADONE HYDROCHLORIDE | Prescription | AA | ||
| 211228-002 | METHADONE HYDROCHLORIDE | TABLET | METHADONE HYDROCHLORIDE | Prescription | AA |
Therapeutic equivalence
Source: Orange BookWhat this rating means: Therapeutically equivalent — no known or suspected bioequivalence problems (conventional dosage forms)
Codes beginning with “A” indicate products the FDA considers therapeutically equivalent. Codes beginning with “B” indicate bioequivalence has not been established. See methodology.
Approval history
Source: Drugs@FDA| Type | No. | Action | Status | Date | Review |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supplement | 10 | REMS | Approved | June 18, 2026 | — |
| Supplement | 9 | Labeling | Approved | December 22, 2025 | Standard |
| Supplement | 5 | Labeling | Approved | December 22, 2025 | Standard |
| Supplement | 6 | REMS | Approved | October 31, 2024 | — |
| Supplement | 4 | Labeling | Approved | December 15, 2023 | Standard |
| Supplement | 3 | Labeling | Approved | December 15, 2023 | Standard |
| Supplement | 2 | Labeling | Approved | June 2, 2021 | Standard |
| Supplement | 1 | Labeling | Approved | February 19, 2021 | Standard |
| Original application | 1 | Approved | January 3, 2019 | Standard |
Review documents
- 0 · Original application · November 7, 2023
Prescribing information
Source: openFDA Drug LabelingReproduced verbatim from the Structured Product Labeling submitted to the FDA (effective 20260427). This is the manufacturer's labelling text, not a summary and not advice.
Boxed Warning
openFDA Drug LabelingWARNING: ADDICTION, ABUSE, AND MISUSE; RISK EVALUATION AND MITIGATION STRATEGY (REMS); LIFE-THREATENING RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION; ACCIDENTAL INGESTION; LIFE-THREATENING QT PROLONGATION; NEONATAL OPIOID WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME; INTERACTIONS WITH DRUGS AFFECTING CYTOCHROME P450 ISOENZYMES; RISKS FROM CONCOMITANT USE WITH BENZODIAZEPINES OR OTHER CNS DEPRESSANTS AND TREATMENT FOR OPIOID ADDICTION Addiction, Abuse, and Misuse Methadone hydrochloride tablets, USP expose patients and other users to the risks of opioid addiction, abuse, and misuse, which can lead to overdose and death. Assess each patient’s risk prior to prescribing methadone hydrochloride tablets, USP and monitor all patients regularly for the development of these behaviors and conditions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] . Opioid Analgesic Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) To ensure that the benefits of opioid analgesics outweigh the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has required a REMS for these products [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]. Under the requirements of the REMS, drug companies with approved opioid analgesic products must make REMS-compliant education programs available to healthcare providers. Healthcare providers are strongly encouraged to • complete a REMS-compliant education program, • counsel patients and/or their caregivers, with every prescription, on safe use, serious risks, storage, and disposal of these products, • emphasize to patients and their caregivers the importance of reading the Medication Guide every time it is provided by their pharmacist, and • consider other tools to improve patient, household, and community safety. Life-Threatening Respiratory Depression Serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression may occur with use of methadone hydrochloride tablets, USP. The peak respiratory depressant effect of methadone occurs later, and persists longer than the peak analgesic effect, especially during the initial dosing period. Monitor for respiratory depression, especially during initiation of methadone hydrochloride tablets, USP or following a dose increase [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] . Accidental Ingestion Accidental ingestion of even one dose of methadone hydrochloride tablets, especially by children, can result in a fatal overdose of methadone [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] . Life-Threatening QT Prolongation QT interval prolongation and serious arrhythmia (torsades de pointes) have occurred during treatment with methadone. Most cases involve patients being treated for pain with large, multiple daily doses of methadone, although cases have been reported in patients receiving doses commonly used for maintenance treatment of opioid addiction. Closely monitor patients with risk factors for development of prolonged QT interval, a history of cardiac conduction abnormalities, and those taking medications affecting cardiac conduction for changes in cardiac rhythm during initiation and titration of methadone hydrochloride tablets [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] . Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) is an expected and treatable outcome of use of methadone hydrochloride tablets, during pregnancy. NOWS may be life-threatening if not recognized and treated in the neonate. The balance between the risks of NOWS and the benefits of maternal methadone hydrochloride tablets use may differ based on the risks associated with the mother’s underlying condition, pain, or addiction. Advise the patient of the risk of NOWS so that appropriate planning for management of the neonate can occur [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] . Cytochrome P450 Interaction The concomitant use of methadone hydrochloride tablets, with all cytochrome P450 3A4, 2B6, 2C19, 2C9 or 2D6 inhibitors may result in an increase in methadone plasma concentrations, which could cause potentially fatal respiratory depression. In addition, discontinuation of conc …
Recent Major Changes
openFDA Drug LabelingBoxed Warning 11/2023 Indications and Usage (1) 11/2023 Dosage and Administration ( 2.4 , 2.5 ) 11/2023 Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 , 5.18 ) 11/2023 Boxed Warning 07/2025 Indications and Usage ( 1 ) 07/2025 Dosage and Administration ( 2.3 , 2.6 ) 2.3 Patient Access to an Opioid Overdose Reversal Agent for the Emergency Treatment of Opioid Overdose 2.6 Safe Reduction or Discontinuation of Methadone Hydrochloride Tablets for Pain 07/2025 Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 , 5.2 , 5.3 , 5.14 , 5.16 ) 5.1 Addiction, Abuse, and Misuse 5.2 Life-Threatening Respiratory Depression 5.3 Risks from Concomitant Use with Benzodiazepines or Other CNS Depressants 5.14 Risks Gastrointestinal Complications 5.16 Withdrawal 07/2025
Indications and Usage
openFDA Drug Labeling1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Methadone hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the: 1. Management of severe and persistent pain that requires an extended treatment period with a daily opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatment options are inadequate. Limitations of Use Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, which can occur at any dosage or duration [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] , reserve methadone hydrochloride tablets for use in patients for whom alternative analgesic treatment options (e.g., non-opioid analgesics or opioid combination products) are ineffective, not tolerated, or would be otherwise inadequate to provide sufficient management of pain. Methadone hydrochloride tablets are not indicated as an as-needed (prn) analgesic. 2. Detoxification treatment of opioid addiction (heroin or other morphine-like drugs). 3. Maintenance treatment of opioid addiction (heroin or other morphine-like drugs), in conjunction with appropriate social and medical services. Limitations of Use Methadone products used for the treatment of opioid addiction in detoxification or maintenance programs are subject to the conditions for distribution and use required under 42 CFR 8.12 [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)]. Methadone hydrochloride tablets is an opioid agonist indicated for the: 1. Methadone hydrochloride tablets is indicated for the management of severe and persistent pain that requires an extended treatment period with a daily opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatment options are inadequate. (1) Limitations of Use Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, which can occur at any dosage or duration, and because of the greater risks of overdose and death with extended-release/long-acting opioid, reserve methadone hydrochloride tablets for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options (e.g., non-opioid analgesics or opioid combination products) are ineffective, not tolerated, or would be otherwise inadequate to provide sufficient management of pain. (1) Methadone hydrochloride tablets are not indicated as an as-needed (prn) analgesic. (1) 2. Detoxification treatment of opioid addiction (heroin or other morphine-like drugs). 3. Maintenance treatment of opioid addiction (heroin or other morphine-like drugs), in conjunction with appropriate social and medical services. (1) Limitations of Use Methadone products used for the treatment of opioid addiction in detoxification or maintenance programs are subject to the conditions for distribution and use required under 42 CFR 8.12 (2.1).
Dosage and Administration
openFDA Drug Labeling2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Consider recommending or prescribing an opioid reversal agent (e.g., naloxone, nalmefene) based on the patient’s risk factors for overdose ( 2.3 , 5.1 , 5.2 , 5.3 ) Management of Pain Methadone hydrochloride tablets should be prescribed only by healthcare professionals who are knowledgeable about the use of extended-release/long-acting opioids and how to mitigate the associated risks. ( 2.1 ) Use the lowest effective dosage for the shortest duration of time consistent with individual patient treatment goals. Reserve titration to higher doses of methadone hydrochloride tablets for patients in whom lower doses are insufficiently effective and in whom the expected benefits of using a higher dose opioid clearly outweigh the substantial risks. ( 2.1 , 5 ) Initiate the dosing regimen for each patient individually, taking into account the patient’s underlying cause and severity of pain, prior analgesic treatment and response, and risk factors for addiction, abuse, and misuse ( 5.1 ) Respiratory depression can occur at any time during opioid therapy, especially when initiating and following dosage increases with methadone hydrochloride tablets. Consider this risk when selecting an initial dose and when making dose adjustments ( 2.1 , 5.2 ) To convert to methadone hydrochloride tablets from another opioid, use available conversion factors to obtain estimated dose. ( 2.4 ) Titrate slowly with dose increases no more frequent than every 3 to 5 days. ( 2.5 ) Periodically reassess patients receiving methadone hydrochloride tablets to evaluate the continued need for opioid analgesics to maintain pain control, for the signs or symptoms of adverse reactions, and for the development of addiction, abuse, or misuse. ( 2.5 ) Do not rapidly reduce or abruptly discontinue methadone hydrochloride tablets in a physically dependent patient because rapid reduction or abrupt discontinuation of opioid analgesics has resulted in serious withdrawal symptoms, uncontrolled pain, and suicide. ( 2.6 , 5.16 ) Initi a ti o n of Detoxification and Maintenance Treatment A single dose of 20 to 30 mg may be sufficient to suppress withdrawal syndrome. ( 2.7 ) 2.1 Conditions for Distribution and Use of Methadone Products for the Treatment of Opioid Addiction Code of Federal Regulations, Title 42, Sec 8: Methadone products when used for the treatment of opioid addiction in detoxification or maintenance programs, shall be dispensed only by opioid treatment programs (and agencies, practitioners or institutions by formal agreement with the program sponsor) certified by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and approved by the designated state authority. Certified treatment programs shall dispense and use methadone in oral form only and according to the treatment requirements stipulated in the Federal Opioid Treatment Standards (42 CFR 8.12). See below for important regulatory exceptions to the general requirement for certification to provide opioid agonist treatment. Failure to abide by the requirements in these regulations may result in criminal prosecution, seizure of the drug supply, revocation of the program approval, and injunction precluding operation of the program. Regulatory Exceptions to the General Requirement for Certification to Provide Opioid Agonist Treatment: During inpatient care, when the patient was admitted for any condition other than concurrent opioid addiction (pursuant to 21CFR 1306.07(c)), to facilitate the treatment of the primary admitting diagnosis). During an emergency period of no longer than 3 days while definitive care for the addiction is being sought in an appropriately licensed facility (pursuant to 21CFR 1306.07(b)). 2.2 Important General Information The peak respiratory depressant effect of methadone occurs later and persists longer than its peak therapeutic effect. A high degree of opioid tolerance does not eliminate the possibility of methadone overdose, iatrogenic or otherwise. Deat …
Dosage Forms and Strengths
openFDA Drug Labeling3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Methadone hydrochloride tablets are available in 5 mg and 10 mg dosage strengths. The 5 mg tablets are white to off-white, round flat-faced beveled-edge tablets debossed “Є” above "317" on one side and bisect on the other side. The 10 mg tablets are white to off-white, round, biconvex tablets debossed “Є” above "318" on one side and bisect on the other side. Tablets: 5 mg and 10 mg. ( 3 )
Contraindications
openFDA Drug Labeling4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Methadone Hydrochloride Tablets are contraindicated in patients with: • Significant respiratory depression [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]. • Acute or severe bronchial asthma in an unmonitored setting or in the absence of resuscitative equipment [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.10 )]. • Known or suspected gastrointestinal obstruction, including paralytic ileus [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.14 )]. • Hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis) to methadone [see Adverse Reactions ( 6 )]. • Significant respiratory depression ( 4 ) • Acute or severe bronchial asthma in an unmonitored setting or in the absence of resuscitative equipment ( 4 ) • Known or suspected gastrointestinal obstruction, including paralytic ileus ( 4 ) • Hypersensitivity to methadone ( 4 )
Warnings and Cautions
openFDA Drug Labeling5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS N e o natal Op i o i d Withdrawal Syndrome: Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) is an expected and treatable outcome of prolonged use of opioids during pregnancy. ( 5.6 ) L i f e - T h r e at e nin g Respiratory Depression in Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Disease or in Elderly, Cachectic, or Debilitated Patients: Monitor closely, particularly during initiation and titration. ( 5.8 ) S e ro t o ni n Syndrome: Potentially life-threatening condition could result from concomitant serotonergic drug administration. Discontinue methadone hydrochloride tablets for oral suspension if serotonin syndrome is suspected. ( 5.9 ) A d r e na l Insufficiency: If diagnosed, treat with physiologic replacement of corticosteroids, and wean patient off of the opioid. ( 5.10 ) S e v e r e Hypotension: Monitor during dose initiation and titration. ( 5.11 ) Ri s k s of Use in Patients with Head Injury and Increased Intracranial Pressure: Monitor for sedation and respiratory depression. Avoid use of methadone in patients with impaired consciousness or coma susceptible to intracranial effects of CO 2 retention. ( 5.12 ) 5.1 Life-Threatening Respiratory Depression Serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression has been reported with the use of methadone, even when used as recommended. Respiratory depression, if not immediately recognized and treated, may lead to respiratory arrest and death. Respiratory depression from opioids is manifested by a reduced urge to breathe and a decreased rate of respiration, often associated with a “sighing” pattern of breathing (deep breaths separated by abnormally long pauses). Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) retention from opioid-induced respiratory depression can exacerbate the sedating effects of opioids. Management of respiratory depression may include close observation, supportive measures, and use of opioid overdose reversal agents, depending on the patient’s clinical status [see Overdosage ( 10 )]. While serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression can occur at any time during the use of methadone hydrochloride tablets for oral suspension, the risk is greatest during the initiation of therapy or following a dose increase. The peak respiratory depressant effect of methadone occurs later, and persists longer than the peak pharmacologic effect, especially during the initial dosing period. Monitor patients closely for respiratory depression, when initiating therapy with methadone hydrochloride tablets for oral suspension and following dose increases. Instruct patients against use by individuals other than the patient for whom methadone was prescribed and to keep methadone out of the reach of children, as such inappropriate use may result in fatal respiratory depression [see Patient Counseling Information ( 17 )] . To reduce the risk of respiratory depression, proper dosing and titration of methadone are essential [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.5 )] . Overestimating the methadone dosage when initiating treatment can result in fatal overdose with the first dose. To further reduce the risk of respiratory depression, consider the following: Patients tolerant to other opioids may be incompletely tolerant to methadone. Incomplete cross-tolerance is of particular concern for patients tolerant to other mu-opioid agonists. Deaths have been reported during conversion from chronic, high-dose treatment with other opioid agonists. Follow induction directions closely to avoid inadvertent overdose [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.5 )] . Proper dosing and titration are essential and methadone should be overseen only by healthcare professionals who are knowledgeable in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methadone. Educate patients and caregivers on how to recognize respiratory depression and emphasize the importance of calling 911 or getting emergency medical help right away in the event of a known or suspected overdose [see Patient Counseling Information ( 17 )] . Op …
Adverse Reactions
openFDA Drug Labeling6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following serious adverse reactions are described, or described in greater detail, in other sections: Addiction, Abuse, and Misuse [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ( 5.1 ) ] Life Threatening Respiratory Depression [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ( 5.2 ) ] QT Prolongation [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ( 5.4 ) ] Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ( 5.5 ) ] Interactions with Benzodiazepines and other CNS Depressants [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ( 5.3 ) ] Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia and Allodynia [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ( 5.8 ) ] Serotonin Syndrome [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ( 5.9 ) ] Adrenal Insufficiency [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ( 5.11 ) ] Severe Hypotension [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ( 5.12 ) ] Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ( 5.14 ) ] Seizures [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ( 5.15 ) ] Withdrawal [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ( 5.16 ) ] The following adverse reactions associated with the use of methadone were identified in clinical studies or postmarketing reports. Because some of these reactions were reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. The major hazards of methadone are respiratory depression and, to a lesser degree, systemic hypotension. Respiratory arrest, shock, cardiac arrest, and death have occurred. The most frequently observed adverse reactions include lightheadedness, dizziness, sedation, nausea, vomiting, and sweating. These effects seem to be more prominent in ambulatory patients and in those who are not suffering severe pain. In such individuals, lower doses are advisable. Other adverse reactions include the following: Body as a Whole : asthenia (weakness), edema, headache Cardiovascular : arrhythmias, bigeminal rhythms, bradycardia, cardiomyopathy, ECG abnormalities, extrasystoles, flushing, heart failure, hypotension, palpitations, phlebitis, QT interval prolongation, syncope, T-wave inversion, tachycardia, torsades de pointes , ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia Central Nervous System : agitation, confusion, disorientation, dysphoria, euphoria, insomnia, hallucinations, seizures, visual disturbances, congenital oculomotor disorders (nystagmus, strabismus) Endocrine : hypogonadism, decreased testosterone Gastrointestinal : abdominal pain, anorexia, biliary tract spasm, constipation, dry mouth, glossitis Hematologic : reversible thrombocytopenia has been described in opioid addicts with chronic hepatitis Metabolic : hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, weight gain Renal : antidiuretic effect, urinary retention or hesitancy Reproductive : amenorrhea, reduced libido and/or potency, reduced ejaculate volume, reduced seminal vesicle and prostate secretions, decreased sperm motility, abnormalities in sperm morphology Respiratory : pulmonary edema, respiratory depression Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue : pruritus, urticaria, other skin rashes, and rarely, hemorrhagic urticaria Hypersensitivity : Anaphylaxis has been reported with ingredients contained in methadone hydrochloride tablets. Serotonin Syndrome : Cases of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition, have been reported during concomitant use of opioids with serotonergic drugs. Adrenal Insufficiency : Cases of adrenal insufficiency have been reported with opioid use, more often following greater than one month of use. Androgen Deficiency : Cases of androgen deficiency have occurred with use of opioids for an extended period of time [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY ( 12.2 ) ]. Hyperalgesia and Allodynia : Cases of hyperalgesia and allodynia have been reported with opioid therapy of any duration [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ( 5.8 )]. Hypoglycemia : Cases of hypoglycemia have been reported in patients taking methadone [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ( 5.18 ) ]. Opioid-induced esophageal dysfunction (O I …
Drug Interactions
openFDA Drug Labeling7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Benzodiazepines and Other Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants Clinical Impact : Due to additive pharmacologic effect, the concomitant use of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants, including alcohol, increases the risk of respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. Intervention : Cessation of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants is preferred in most cases of concomitant use. In some cases, monitoring in a higher level of care for taper may be appropriate. In others, gradually tapering a patient off of a prescribed benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant or decreasing to the lowest effective dose may be appropriate. Before co-prescribing benzodiazepines for anxiety or insomnia, ensure that patients are appropriately diagnosed and consider alternative medications and non-pharmacologic treatments [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] . If concomitant use is warranted, strongly consider prescribing naloxone for the emergency treatment of opioid overdose, as is recommended for all patients in treatment for opioid use disorder [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) ]. Examples : Benzodiazepines, and other sedatives/hypnotics, anxiolytics, tranquilizers, muscle relaxants, general anesthetics, antipsychotics, gabapentinoids (gabapentin or pregabalin), other opioids, alcohol. Inhibitors of CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, or CYP2D6 Clinical Impact : Methadone undergoes hepatic N-demethylation by several cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms, including CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, and CYP2D6. The concomitant use of methadone hydrochloride tablets for oral suspension and CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, or CYP2D6 inhibitors can increase the plasma concentration of methadone, resulting in increased or prolonged opioid effects, and may result in a fatal overdose, particularly when an inhibitor is added after a stable dose of methadone hydrochloride tablets for oral suspension is achieved. These effects may be more pronounced with concomitant use of drugs that inhibit more than one of the CYP enzymes listed above. After stopping a CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, or CYP2D6 inhibitor, as the effects of the inhibitor decline, the methadone plasma concentration can decrease [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] , resulting in decreased opioid efficacy or withdrawal symptoms in patients physically dependent on methadone. Intervention : If concomitant use is necessary, consider dosage reduction of methadone hydrochloride tablets for oral suspension until stable drug effects are achieved. Monitor patients for respiratory depression and sedation at frequent intervals. If a CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, or CYP2D6 inhibitor is discontinued, follow patients for signs of opioid withdrawal and consider increasing the methadone hydrochloride tablets for oral suspension dosage until stable drug effects are achieved. Examples: Macrolide antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin), azole-antifungal agents (e.g. ketoconazole), protease inhibitors (e.g., ritonavir), fluconazole, fluvoxamine, some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (e.g., sertraline, fluvoxamine). Inducers of CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, or CYP2C9 Clinical Impact: The concomitant use of methadone hydrochloride tablets for oral suspension and CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, or CYP2C9 inducers can decrease the plasma concentration of methadone [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] , resulting in decreased efficacy or onset of withdrawal symptoms in patients physically dependent on methadone. These effects could be more pronounced with concomitant use of drugs that can induce multiple CYP enzymes. After stopping a CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, or CYP2C9 inducer, as the effects of the inducer decline, the methadone plasma concentration can increase [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] , which could increase or prolong both the therapeutic effects and adverse reactions, and may cause serious respiratory depression, sedation, or death. Intervention: If concomitant use …
Use in Specific Populations
openFDA Drug Labeling8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Lactation : Monitor breastfed infants for increased drowsiness and breathing difficulties. (8.2) 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary The majority of available data from clinical trials, observational studies, case series, and case reports on methadone use in pregnancy do not indicate an increased risk of major malformations specifically due to methadone. Pregnant women involved in methadone maintenance programs have been reported to have improved prenatal care leading to reduced incidence of obstetric and fetal complications and neonatal morbidity and mortality when compared to women using illicit drugs. Several factors, including maternal use of illicit drugs, nutrition, infection and psychosocial circumstances, complicate the interpretation of investigations of the children of women who take methadone during pregnancy. Information is limited regarding dose and duration of methadone use during pregnancy, and most maternal exposure in these studies appears to occur after the first trimester of pregnancy (see Data). Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) is an expected and treatable outcome of use of opioids for an extended period of time during pregnancy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]. In published animal reproduction studies, methadone administered subcutaneously during the early gestational period produced neural tube defects (i.e., exencephaly and cranioschisis) in the hamster at doses 2 times the human daily oral dose of 120 mg/day on a mg/m 2 basis (HDD) and in mice at doses equivalent to the HDD. Administration of methadone to pregnant animals during organogenesis and through lactation resulted decreased litter size, increased pup mortality, decreased pup body weights, developmental delays, and long-term neurochemical changes in the brain of offspring which correlate with altered behavioral responses that persist through adulthood at exposures comparable to and less than the HDD. Administration of methadone to male rodents prior to mating with untreated females resulted in increased neonatal mortality and significant differences in behavioral tests in the offspring at exposures comparable to and less than the HDD (see Data). Based on animal data, advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-associated Maternal and Embryo-fetal Risk: Untreated opioid addiction in pregnancy is associated with adverse obstetrical outcomes such as low birth weight, preterm birth, and fetal death. In addition, untreated opioid addiction often results in continued or relapsing illicit opioid use. Dosage Adjustment During Pregnancy: Dosage adjustment using higher doses or administering the daily dose in divided doses may be necessary in pregnant women treated with methadone hydrochloride tablets. Pregnant women appear to have significantly lower trough plasma methadone concentrations, increased plasma methadone clearance, and shorter methadone half-life than after delivery [see Dosage and Administration (2.9) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Withdrawal signs and symptoms should be closely monitored and the dose adjusted as necessary. Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions: Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome may occur in newborn infants of mothers who are receiving treatment with methadone hydrochloride tablets. Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome presents as irritability, hyperactivity and abnormal sleep pattern, high pitched cry, tremor, vomiting, diarrhea, and/or failure to gain weight. Signs of neonatal withdrawal usually occur in the first days after birth. The duration and severity of neonatal opio …
Mechanism of Action
openFDA Drug Labeling12.1 Mechanism of Action Methadone Hydrochloride Tablets is a mu-agonist; a synthetic opioid with multiple actions qualitatively similar to those of morphine, the most prominent of which involves the central nervous system and organs composed of smooth muscle. The principal therapeutic uses for methadone are for analgesia and for detoxification or maintenance in opioid addiction. The methadone withdrawal syndrome, although qualitatively similar to that of morphine, differs in that the onset is slower, the course is more prolonged, and the symptoms are less severe. Some data also indicate that methadone acts as an antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. The contribution of NMDA receptor antagonism to methadone's efficacy is unknown.
Description
openFDA Drug Labeling11 DESCRIPTION Methadone hydrochloride tablets for oral suspension, USP contain methadone, an opioid agonist, available as 40 mg dispersible tablets for oral administration. Methadone hydrochloride is chemically described as 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptanone hydrochloride. Methadone hydrochloride, USP is a white, essentially odorless, bitter-tasting crystalline powder. It is very soluble in water, soluble in isopropanol and in chloroform, and practically insoluble in ether and in glycerine. It is present in methadone hydrochloride tablets for oral suspension as the racemic mixture. Methadone hydrochloride, USP has a melting point of 235°C, a pKa of 8.25 in water at 20°C, a solution (1 part per 100) pH between 4.5 and 6.5, a partition coefficient of 117 at pH 7.4 in octanol/water and a molecular weight of 345.91. Its molecular formula is C 21 H 27 NO•HCl and its structural formula is: Each methadone hydrochloride tablets for oral suspension, USP contain 40 mg of methadone hydrochloride, USP and the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, corn starch, magnesium stearate, and microcrystalline cellulose. Methadone hydrochloride tablets for oral suspension, USP are cross-scored, allowing for flexible dosage adjustment. Each tablet may be broken or cut in half to yield two 20 mg doses, or in quarters to yield four 10 mg doses. Methadone hydrochloride tablets for oral suspension, USP are for oral administration following dispersion in a liquid. Methadone hydrochloride tablets for oral suspension, USP contain insoluble excipients and must not be injected. structural-formula
Overdosage
openFDA Drug Labeling10 OVERDOSAGE Clinical Presentation Acute overdose with methadone hydrochloride tablets can be manifested by respiratory depression somnolence progressing to stupor or coma, skeletal-muscle flaccidity, cold and clammy skin, constricted pupils, and, in some cases, pulmonary edema, bradycardia, hypotension, hypoglycemia, partial or complete airway obstruction, atypical snoring, and death. Marked mydriasis rather than miosis may be seen with hypoxia in overdose situations [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)]. In severe overdosage, particularly by the intravenous route, apnea, circulatory collapse, cardiac arrest, and death may occur. Methadone overdosage is associated with rhabdomyolysis. Seek medical attention, especially if abuse/misuse results in prolonged immobilization. Acute toxic leukoencephalopathy has been reported after methadone overdose, often weeks after apparent recovery from the initial intoxication. Hearing loss has been reported after methadone overdose, in some cases permanent. Treatment of Overdose In case of overdose, priorities are the reestablishment of a patent and protected airway and institution of assisted or controlled ventilation, if needed. Employ other supportive measures (including oxygen and vasopressors) in the management of circulatory shock and pulmonary edema as indicated. Cardiac arrest or arrhythmias will require advanced life-support measures. Opioid antagonists, such as naloxone, are specific antidotes to respiratory depression resulting from opioid overdose. For clinically significant respiratory or circulatory depression secondary to opioid overdose, administer an opioid antagonist. Because the duration of reversal would be expected to be less than the duration of action of methadone in methadone hydrochloride tablets, carefully monitor the patient until spontaneous respiration is reliably reestablished. If the response to opioid antagonists is suboptimal or not sustained, administer additional antagonist as directed in the product’s prescribing information. In an individual physically dependent on opioids, administration of the recommended usual dosage of the antagonist will precipitate an acute withdrawal syndrome. The severity of the withdrawal symptoms experienced will depend on the degree of physical dependence and the dose of the antagonist administered. If a decision is made to treat serious respiratory depression in the physically dependent patient, administration of the antagonist should be begun with care and by titration with smaller than usual doses of the antagonist.
How Supplied / Storage and Handling
openFDA Drug Labeling16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Methadone Hydrochloride Tablets, USP 10 mg tablets: white, round, biconvex tablet, scored on one side and debossed “ASC 116” on the other side. NDC: 71335-1360-1: 15 Tablets in a BOTTLE NDC: 71335-1360-2: 30 Tablets in a BOTTLE NDC: 71335-1360-3: 90 Tablets in a BOTTLE NDC: 71335-1360-4: 120 Tablets in a BOTTLE NDC: 71335-1360-5: 180 Tablets in a BOTTLE NDC: 71335-1360-6: 60 Tablets in a BOTTLE NDC: 71335-1360-7: 28 Tablets in a BOTTLE NDC: 71335-1360-8: 112 Tablets in a BOTTLE NDC: 71335-1360-9: 56 Tablets in a BOTTLE NDC: 71335-1360-0: 168 Tablets in a BOTTLE Methadone hydrochloride tablets, USP contains methadone which is a controlled substance. Like fentanyl, morphine, oxycodone, hydromorphone, and oxymorphone, methadone is controlled under Schedule II of the Federal Controlled Substances Act. Methadone hydrochloride tablets, USP may be targeted for theft and diversion by criminals [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP/NF. Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Repackaged/Relabeled by: Bryant Ranch Prepack, Inc. Burbank, CA 91504
Adverse event reports
Source: openFDA FAERSAttributed to this product's most-reported active ingredient: METHADONE HYDROCHLORIDE. Combination products with more than six active ingredients are not attributed, because a report count summed across a long ingredient list measures the list, not the medicine.
Recalls
Source: FDA Enforcement| Classification | Reported | Firm | Reason | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class III | January 15, 2025 | West-Ward Columbus Inc | Failed Tablet/Capsule Specifications: Illegible product identification for the unit dose configuration only. | Ongoing |
Packaging and NDCs
Source: NDC Directory| Package NDC | Product NDC | Labeler | Description | Marketing start |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 60687-910-01 | 60687-910 | American Health Packaging | 100 BLISTER PACK in 1 CARTON (60687-910-01) / 1 TABLET in 1 BLISTER PACK (60687-910-11) | September 9, 2026 |
| 67877-659-01 | 67877-659 | Ascend Laboratories, LLC | 100 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (67877-659-01) | July 1, 2025 |
| 67877-660-01 | 67877-660 | Ascend Laboratories, LLC | 100 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (67877-660-01) | July 1, 2025 |
| 13107-088-01 | 13107-088 | Aurolife Pharma, LLC | 100 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (13107-088-01) | September 15, 2015 |
| 13107-088-30 | 13107-088 | Aurolife Pharma, LLC | 30 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (13107-088-30) | September 15, 2015 |
| 13107-088-99 | 13107-088 | Aurolife Pharma, LLC | 1000 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (13107-088-99) | September 15, 2015 |
| 13107-089-01 | 13107-089 | Aurolife Pharma, LLC | 100 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (13107-089-01) | September 15, 2015 |
| 13107-089-30 | 13107-089 | Aurolife Pharma, LLC | 30 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (13107-089-30) | September 15, 2015 |
| 13107-089-99 | 13107-089 | Aurolife Pharma, LLC | 1000 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (13107-089-99) | September 15, 2015 |
| 71335-1360-0 | 71335-1360 | Bryant Ranch Prepack | 168 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (71335-1360-0) | September 28, 2022 |
| 71335-1360-1 | 71335-1360 | Bryant Ranch Prepack | 15 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (71335-1360-1) | September 28, 2022 |
| 71335-1360-2 | 71335-1360 | Bryant Ranch Prepack | 30 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (71335-1360-2) | October 1, 2019 |
| 71335-1360-3 | 71335-1360 | Bryant Ranch Prepack | 90 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (71335-1360-3) | August 14, 2020 |
| 71335-1360-4 | 71335-1360 | Bryant Ranch Prepack | 120 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (71335-1360-4) | September 28, 2022 |
| 71335-1360-5 | 71335-1360 | Bryant Ranch Prepack | 180 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (71335-1360-5) | September 28, 2022 |
| 71335-1360-6 | 71335-1360 | Bryant Ranch Prepack | 60 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (71335-1360-6) | September 28, 2022 |
| 71335-1360-7 | 71335-1360 | Bryant Ranch Prepack | 28 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (71335-1360-7) | September 28, 2022 |
| 71335-1360-8 | 71335-1360 | Bryant Ranch Prepack | 112 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (71335-1360-8) | September 28, 2022 |
| 71335-1360-9 | 71335-1360 | Bryant Ranch Prepack | 56 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (71335-1360-9) | September 28, 2022 |
| 31722-946-01 | 31722-946 | Camber Pharmaceuticals, Inc | 100 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (31722-946-01) | January 3, 2019 |
| 31722-947-01 | 31722-947 | Camber Pharmaceuticals, Inc | 100 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (31722-947-01) | January 3, 2019 |
| 64850-603-01 | 64850-603 | Elite Laboratories, Inc. | 100 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (64850-603-01) | August 6, 2018 |
| 64850-604-01 | 64850-604 | Elite Laboratories, Inc. | 100 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (64850-604-01) | August 6, 2018 |
| 42806-317-01 | 42806-317 | Epic Pharma, LLC | 100 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (42806-317-01) | June 11, 2018 |
| 42806-318-01 | 42806-318 | Epic Pharma, LLC | 100 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (42806-318-01) | June 11, 2018 |
| 0054-0709-20 | 0054-0709 | Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. | 1 BLISTER PACK in 1 CARTON (0054-0709-20) / 100 TABLET in 1 BLISTER PACK | March 8, 1983 |
| 0054-0709-25 | 0054-0709 | Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. | 100 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (0054-0709-25) | March 8, 1983 |
| 0054-0710-20 | 0054-0710 | Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. | 1 BLISTER PACK in 1 CARTON (0054-0710-20) / 100 TABLET in 1 BLISTER PACK | March 8, 1983 |
| 0054-0710-25 | 0054-0710 | Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. | 100 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (0054-0710-25) | March 8, 1983 |
| 0904-7417-61 | 0904-7417 | Major Pharmaceuticals | 100 BLISTER PACK in 1 CARTON (0904-7417-61) / 1 TABLET in 1 BLISTER PACK | January 3, 2024 |
| 0406-2540-01 | 0406-2540 | SpecGx LLC | 100 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (0406-2540-01) | July 12, 2005 |
| 0406-5755-01 | 0406-5755 | SpecGx LLC | 100 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (0406-5755-01) | April 27, 2004 |
| 0406-5755-23 | 0406-5755 | SpecGx LLC | 1 TABLET in 1 BLISTER PACK (0406-5755-23) | April 27, 2004 |
| 0406-5755-62 | 0406-5755 | SpecGx LLC | 100 TABLET in 1 BLISTER PACK (0406-5755-62) | April 27, 2004 |
| 0406-5771-01 | 0406-5771 | SpecGx LLC | 100 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (0406-5771-01) | April 27, 2004 |
| 0406-5771-23 | 0406-5771 | SpecGx LLC | 1 TABLET in 1 BLISTER PACK (0406-5771-23) | April 27, 2004 |
| 0406-5771-62 | 0406-5771 | SpecGx LLC | 100 TABLET in 1 BLISTER PACK (0406-5771-62) | April 27, 2004 |
| 66689-820-10 | 66689-820 | VistaPharm, LLC | 100 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (66689-820-10) | November 22, 2018 |
| 66689-836-99 | 66689-836 | VistaPharm, LLC | 100 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (66689-836-99) | September 11, 2020 |
| 66689-898-40 | 66689-898 | VistaPharm, LLC | 100 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (66689-898-40) | March 25, 1998 |
| 72865-120-01 | 72865-120 | XLCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc | 100 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (72865-120-01) | January 3, 2019 |
| 72865-121-01 | 72865-121 | XLCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc | 100 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (72865-121-01) | January 3, 2019 |
| 60687-910 | 60687-910 | American Health Packaging | — | September 9, 2026 |
| 67877-659 | 67877-659 | Ascend Laboratories, LLC | — | July 1, 2025 |
| 67877-660 | 67877-660 | Ascend Laboratories, LLC | — | July 1, 2025 |
| 13107-088 | 13107-088 | Aurolife Pharma, LLC | — | September 15, 2015 |
| 13107-089 | 13107-089 | Aurolife Pharma, LLC | — | September 15, 2015 |
| 71335-1360 | 71335-1360 | Bryant Ranch Prepack | — | January 16, 2012 |
| 31722-946 | 31722-946 | Camber Pharmaceuticals, Inc | — | January 3, 2019 |
| 31722-947 | 31722-947 | Camber Pharmaceuticals, Inc | — | January 3, 2019 |
| 64850-603 | 64850-603 | Elite Laboratories, Inc. | — | August 6, 2018 |
| 64850-604 | 64850-604 | Elite Laboratories, Inc. | — | August 6, 2018 |
| 42806-317 | 42806-317 | Epic Pharma, LLC | — | June 11, 2018 |
| 42806-318 | 42806-318 | Epic Pharma, LLC | — | June 11, 2018 |
| 0054-0709 | 0054-0709 | Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. | — | March 8, 1983 |
| 0054-0710 | 0054-0710 | Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. | — | March 8, 1983 |
| 0904-7417 | 0904-7417 | Major Pharmaceuticals | — | January 3, 2024 |
| 0406-2540 | 0406-2540 | SpecGx LLC | — | July 12, 2005 |
| 0406-5755 | 0406-5755 | SpecGx LLC | — | April 27, 2004 |
| 0406-5771 | 0406-5771 | SpecGx LLC | — | April 27, 2004 |
| 66689-820 | 66689-820 | VistaPharm, LLC | — | November 22, 2018 |
| 66689-836 | 66689-836 | VistaPharm, LLC | — | September 11, 2020 |
| 66689-898 | 66689-898 | VistaPharm, LLC | — | March 25, 1998 |
| 72865-120 | 72865-120 | XLCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc | — | January 3, 2019 |
| 72865-121 | 72865-121 | XLCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc | — | January 3, 2019 |
Sources for this page
| Dataset | Agency | Used for |
|---|---|---|
| NDC Directory | FDA | Identity, ingredients, strengths, forms, routes, labelers, packages |
| Drugs@FDA | FDA | Application, sponsor, submissions, review documents, marketing status |
| Orange Book | FDA | Therapeutic equivalence codes, reference drug flags, patents, exclusivity |
| Drug Labeling | FDA / NLM | Prescribing information reproduced above |
| FAERS | FDA | Adverse event report counts |
| Enforcement | FDA | Recall records |
Generated September 25, 2026 · 13 sections on this page.