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Marcaine with Epinephrine

Bupivacaine Hydrochloride And Epinephrine · Injection, Solution

Prescription NDA TE AP RLD Official labelling
Informational index, not medical advice. Content is reproduced from public FDA and NLM data. Always confirm against the manufacturer's current prescribing information. Report adverse events to FDA MedWatch.

Overview

Brand name
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Generic name
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride And Epinephrine
Dosage form
Injection, Solution
Route
Epidural
Marketing category
NDA · NDA
Labeler
Hospira, Inc.
Product type
Human Prescription Drug
DEA schedule
Not scheduled
Active ingredients
3
NDC product codes
11
Packages
13
Data completeness
83% of corroborating sources present

Active ingredients

Source: NDC Directory
Active ingredients and strengths as listed in the NDC Directory.
Ingredient Strength RxCUI Monograph
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride 2.5 mg/mL 1724786 View
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride 5 mg/mL 1724786 View
Epinephrine Bitartrate .0091 mg/mL 1595035 View

Forms, strengths and routes

Source: NDC Directory
Dosage form
Injection, Solution
Route of administration
Epidural
Presentations
24

Pharmacologic classes are listed in the class section below.

Pharmacologic class

Source: NDC Directory
Established pharmacologic classes (EPC), mechanisms of action (MoA), chemical structures (CS) and physiologic effects (PE).
Class Type Browse
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists [MoA] MoA All 85 members
Adrenergic beta-Agonists [MoA] MoA All 37 members
Amide Local Anesthetic [EPC] EPC All 47 members
Amides [CS] CS All 47 members
Catecholamine [EPC] EPC All 39 members
Catecholamines [CS] CS All 41 members
Local Anesthesia [PE] PE All 53 members
alpha-Adrenergic Agonist [EPC] EPC All 85 members
beta-Adrenergic Agonist [EPC] EPC All 37 members

Regulatory status

Source: Drugs@FDANDC Directory
Application number
016964
Application type
NDA · New Drug Application
Approval date
October 3, 1972
Sponsor
HOSPIRA
Products on application
10
Submissions recorded
53
Products approved under application 016964.
Product Trade name Form Strength Ingredient Status TE Flags
016964-001 MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE INJECTABLE BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE Prescription AP RLD RS
016964-004 MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/ EPINEPHRINE INJECTABLE BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE Prescription AP RLD RS
016964-005 MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE PRESERVATIVE FREE INJECTABLE BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE Prescription AP RLD RS
016964-006 MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE INJECTABLE BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE Prescription AP RLD RS
016964-007 MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/ EPINEPHRINE PRESERVATIVE FREE INJECTABLE BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE Prescription AP RLD RS
016964-008 MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/ EPINEPHRINE INJECTABLE BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE Prescription AP RLD RS
016964-009 MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE PRESERVATIVE FREE INJECTABLE BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE Prescription AP RLD RS
016964-010 MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/ EPINEPHRINE PRESERVATIVE FREE INJECTABLE BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE Prescription AP RLD RS
016964-012 MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE PRESERVATIVE FREE INJECTABLE BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE Prescription AP RLD RS
016964-013 MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/ EPINEPHRINE PRESERVATIVE FREE INJECTABLE BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE Prescription AP RLD RS

Therapeutic equivalence

Source: Orange Book
TE code
AP
Reference Listed Drug
Yes
Reference Standard
Yes

What this rating means: Therapeutically equivalent — bioequivalence demonstrated (parenteral aqueous solutions)

Codes beginning with “A” indicate products the FDA considers therapeutically equivalent. Codes beginning with “B” indicate bioequivalence has not been established. See methodology.

Approval history

Source: Drugs@FDA
Most recent submissions on application 016964.
Type No. Action Status Date Review
Supplement 82 Labeling Approved August 21, 2020 Standard
Supplement 77 Labeling Approved November 2, 2018 Standard
Supplement 73 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved December 15, 2014 Priority
Supplement 72 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved September 19, 2014 Priority
Supplement 71 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved July 30, 2013 Priority
Supplement 70 Labeling Approved January 30, 2012 Standard
Supplement 69 Labeling Approved February 19, 2010 901 Required
Supplement 61 Labeling Approved October 30, 2005 Standard
Supplement 53 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved January 31, 2001 Priority
Supplement 52 Labeling Approved March 11, 1999 Standard
Supplement 51 Labeling Approved March 11, 1999 Standard
Supplement 48 Labeling Approved March 11, 1999 Standard
Supplement 46 Labeling Approved March 11, 1999 —
Supplement 50 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved April 9, 1997 Priority
Supplement 47 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved January 25, 1993 Priority
Supplement 45 Labeling Approved August 8, 1991 —
Supplement 44 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved February 6, 1991 Priority
Supplement 43 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved February 6, 1991 Priority
Supplement 42 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved April 27, 1988 Priority
Supplement 40 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved September 15, 1987 Priority
Supplement 41 Labeling Approved July 13, 1987 —
Supplement 39 Labeling Approved January 27, 1987 —
Supplement 38 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved January 27, 1987 Priority
Supplement 35 Labeling Approved September 11, 1985 —
Supplement 37 Labeling Approved August 24, 1985 —
Supplement 36 Labeling Approved August 19, 1985 —
Supplement 31 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved May 20, 1985 Priority
Supplement 25 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved March 2, 1984 Priority
Supplement 34 Labeling Approved December 1, 1983 —
Supplement 24 Labeling Approved November 21, 1983 —
Supplement 29 Labeling Approved July 13, 1983 —
Supplement 28 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved July 13, 1983 Priority
Supplement 30 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved January 21, 1983 Priority
Supplement 20 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved January 27, 1982 Priority
Supplement 23 Labeling Approved December 28, 1981 —
Supplement 22 Labeling Approved August 21, 1981 —
Supplement 21 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved August 21, 1981 Priority
Supplement 19 Labeling Approved November 3, 1980 —
Supplement 15 Labeling Approved August 21, 1980 —
Supplement 14 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved August 21, 1980 Priority
Supplement 18 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved December 6, 1979 Priority
Supplement 17 Labeling Approved June 18, 1979 —
Supplement 16 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved April 4, 1979 Priority
Supplement 13 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved April 4, 1979 Priority
Supplement 12 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved June 15, 1978 Priority
Supplement 11 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved June 15, 1978 Priority
Supplement 7 Labeling Approved November 30, 1976 —
Supplement 8 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved July 7, 1976 Priority
Supplement 6 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved June 10, 1976 Priority
Supplement 4 Labeling Approved June 10, 1976 —
Supplement 5 Manufacturing (CMC) Approved June 7, 1976 Priority
Supplement 3 Labeling Approved January 13, 1976 —
Original application 1 Type 1 - New Molecular Entity Approved October 3, 1972 Priority

Review documents

  • 0 · Supplement · August 28, 2020
  • 0 · Supplement · August 24, 2020
  • 0 · Supplement · November 6, 2018
  • 0 · Supplement · November 5, 2018
  • 0 · Supplement · February 1, 2012
  • 0 · Supplement · January 30, 2012
  • 0 · Supplement · February 25, 2010
  • 0 · Supplement · February 25, 2010
  • 0 · Supplement · November 1, 2005
  • 0 · Supplement · November 1, 2005

Prescribing information

Source: openFDA Drug Labeling

Reproduced verbatim from the Structured Product Labeling submitted to the FDA (effective 20260128). This is the manufacturer's labelling text, not a summary and not advice.

HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG · 20260128 HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG · 20240202

Boxed Warning

openFDA Drug Labeling

Boxed Warning WARNING: RISK OF CARDIAC ARREST WITH USE OF MARCAINE IN OBSTETRICAL ANESTHESIA See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. There have been reports of cardiac arrest with difficult resuscitation or death during use of MARCAINE for epidural anesthesia in obstetrical patients. In most cases, this has followed use of the 0.75% (7.5 mg/mL) concentration. Resuscitation has been difficult or impossible despite apparently adequate preparation and appropriate management. Cardiac arrest has occurred after convulsions resulting from systemic toxicity, presumably following unintentional intravascular injection. The 0.75% (7.5 mg/mL) concentration of MARCAINE is not recommended for obstetrical anesthesia and should be reserved for surgical procedures where a high degree of muscle relaxation and prolonged effect are necessary (5.1). WARNING: RISK OF CARDIAC ARREST WITH USE OF MARCAINE IN OBSTETRICAL ANESTHESIA See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. There have been reports of cardiac arrest with difficult resuscitation or death during use of MARCAINE for epidural anesthesia in obstetrical patients. In most cases, this has followed use of the 0.75% (7.5 mg/mL) concentration. Resuscitation has been difficult or impossible despite apparently adequate preparation and appropriate management. Cardiac arrest has occurred after convulsions resulting from systemic toxicity, presumably following unintentional intravascular injection. The 0.75% (7.5 mg/mL) concentration of MARCAINE is not recommended for obstetrical anesthesia and should be reserved for surgical procedures where a high degree of muscle relaxation and prolonged effect are necessary (5.1).

Indications and Usage

openFDA Drug Labeling

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE is indicated in adults for the production of local or regional anesthesia or analgesia for surgery, dental and oral surgery procedures, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and for obstetrical procedures. Specific concentrations and presentations of MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE are recommended for each type of block indicated to produce local or regional anesthesia or analgesia [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) ]. MARCAINE contains bupivacaine, an amide local anesthetic, and MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE is a combination of bupivacaine, an amide local anesthetic, and epinephrine, an alpha and beta-adrenergic agonist. MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE is indicated in adults for the production of local or regional anesthesia or analgesia for surgery, dental and oral surgery procedures, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and for obstetrical procedures. For each type of block indicated to produce local or regional anesthesia or analgesia, specific concentrations and presentations are recommended. ( 1 , 2.2 ) Limitations of Use Not all blocks are indicated for use with MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE given clinically significant risks associated with use. ( 1 , 2.2 , 4 , 5.1 , 5.4 , 5.5 , 5.7 , 5.9 ) Limitations of Use Not all blocks are indicated for use with MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE given clinically significant risks associated with use [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) , Contraindications (4) , Warnings and Precautions (5.1 , 5.4 , 5.5 , 5.7 , 5.9) ] .

Dosage and Administration

openFDA Drug Labeling

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION • Not for intrathecal use. ( 2.1 ) • Avoid use of solutions containing antimicrobial preservatives (i.e., multiple-dose vials) for epidural or caudal anesthesia. ( 2.1 , 5.4 ) • Three mL of MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE without antimicrobial preservative (0.5% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine ) is recommended for use as a test dose prior to caudal and lumbar epidural blocks when clinical conditions permit. ( 2.4 ) • See full prescribing information for: - Recommended concentrations and dosages of MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE according to type of block. ( 2.2 ) - Additional dosage and administration information pertaining to use in epidural anesthesia, test dose for caudal and lumbar epidural blocks, use in dentistry, and use in ophthalmic surgery. ( 2.3 , 2.4 , 2.5 , 2.6 ) 2.1 Important Dosage and Administration Information • MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE is not for intrathecal use. • Avoid use of MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE solutions containing antimicrobial preservatives (i.e., multiple-dose vials) for epidural or caudal anesthesia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] . • Discard unused portions of solution not containing preservatives, i.e., those supplied in single-dose vials, following initial use. • Visually inspect this product for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit. MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE are clear, colorless solutions. Do not administer solutions which are discolored or contain particulate matter. • Mixing or the prior or intercurrent use of any other local anesthetic with MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE is not recommended because of insufficient data on the clinical use of such mixtures. Administration Precautions • MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE are to be administered in carefully adjusted dosages by or under the supervision of experienced clinicians who are well versed in the diagnosis and management of dose-related toxicity and other acute emergencies which might arise from the block to be employed. • Use MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE only if the following are immediately available: oxygen, cardiopulmonary resuscitative equipment and drugs, and the personnel resources needed for proper management of toxic reactions and related emergencies [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) , Adverse Reactions (6) , Overdosage (10) ]. • The toxic effects of local anesthetics are additive. Monitor for neurologic and cardiovascular effects related to local anesthetic systemic toxicity when additional local anesthetics are administered with MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) , Drug Interactions (7.1) , Overdosage (10) ]. • Aspirate for blood or cerebrospinal fluid (where applicable) prior to injecting MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE, both the initial dose and all subsequent doses, to avoid intravascular or intrathecal injection. However, a negative aspiration for blood or cerebrospinal fluid does not ensure against an intravascular or intrathecal injection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] . • Avoid rapid injection of a large volume of MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE and use fractional (incremental) doses when feasible. • During major regional nerve blocks, such as those of the brachial plexus or lower extremity, the patient should have an indwelling intravenous catheter to assure adequate intravenous access. The lowest dosage of MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE that results in effective anesthesia should be used to avoid high plasma levels and serious adverse reactions. • Perform careful and constant monitoring of cardiovascular and respiratory (adequacy of oxygenation and ventilation) vital signs and the patient's level of consciousness after each local anesthetic injection. • Use MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE in carefully restricted quantities in areas of the body supplied by end arteries or having otherwise compromised blood supp …

Dosage Forms and Strengths

openFDA Drug Labeling

3 Dosage Forms And Strengths MARCAINE (bupivacaine hydrochloride) injection is a clear, colorless solution available as: 0.25% (25 mg/10 mL) (2.5 mg/mL) in single-dose vials. 0.25% (75 mg/30 mL) (2.5 mg/mL) in single-dose vials. 0.25% (125 mg/50 mL) (2.5 mg/mL) in multiple-dose vials. 0.5% (50 mg/10 mL) (5 mg/mL) in single-dose vials. 0.5% (150 mg/30 mL) (5 mg/mL) in single-dose vials. 0.5% (250 mg/50 mL) (5 mg/mL) in multiple-dose vials. 0.75% (75 mg/10 mL) (7.5 mg/mL) in single-dose vials. 0.75% (225 mg/30 mL) (7.5 mg/mL) in single-dose vials. MARCAINE with 1:200,000 epinephrine (bupivacaine hydrochloride and epinephrine) injection is a clear, colorless solution available as: 0.25% (25 mg/10 mL) (2.5 mg/mL) in single-dose vials. 0.25% (75 mg/30 mL) (2.5 mg/mL) in single-dose vials. 0.25% (125 mg/50 mL) (2.5 mg/mL) in multiple-dose vials. 0.5% (50 mg/10mL) (5 mg/mL) in single-dose vials. 0.5% (150 mg/30 mL) (5 mg/mL) in single-dose vials. 0.5% (250 mg/50 mL) (5 mg/mL) in multiple-dose vials. MARCAINE injection and MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE injection are available in multiple concentrations. See full prescribing information for detailed description of each formulation. (3)

Contraindications

openFDA Drug Labeling

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE is contraindicated in: • obstetrical paracervical block anesthesia. Its use in this technique has resulted in fetal bradycardia and death. • intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier Block) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] . • patients with a known hypersensitivity to bupivacaine or to any local anesthetic agent of the amide-type or to other components of MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE. • Obstetrical paracervical block anesthesia. Its use in this technique has resulted in fetal bradycardia and death. ( 4 ) • Intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier Block). ( 4 ) • Known hypersensitivity to bupivacaine or to any local anesthetic agent of the amide-type or to other components of MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE. ( 4 )

Warnings and Cautions

openFDA Drug Labeling

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS • Dose-Related Toxicity : Monitor cardiovascular and respiratory vital signs and patient's state of consciousness after injection of MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE. ( 5.2 ) • Methemoglobinemia : Cases of methemoglobinemia have been reported in association with local anesthetic use. See full prescribing information for more detail on managing these risks. ( 5.3 ) • Chondrolysis with Intra-Articular Infusion : Intra-articular infusions of local anesthetics including MARCAINE following arthroscopic and other surgical procedures is an unapproved use, and there have been post-marketing reports of chondrolysis in patients receiving such infusions. ( 5.5 ) • Risk of Cardiac Arrest with Intravenous Regional Anesthesia Use (Bier Block) : There have been reports of cardiac arrest and death during the use of bupivacaine for intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier Block). ( 5.7 ) • Allergic-Type Reactions to Sulfites in MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE : MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE contains sodium metabisulfite, a sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in certain susceptible people. ( 5.8 ) • Risk of Systemic Toxicities with Unintended Intravascular or Intrathecal Injection : Unintended intravascular or intrathecal injection may be associated with systemic toxicities, including CNS or cardiorespiratory depression and coma, progressing ultimately to respiratory arrest. Aspirate for blood or cerebrospinal fluid (where applicable) prior to each dose and consider using a test dose of MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE. ( 5.9 ) 5.1 Risk of Cardiac Arrest with Use of MARCAINE in Obstetrical Anesthesia There have been reports of cardiac arrest with difficult resuscitation or death during use of MARCAINE for epidural anesthesia in obstetrical patients. In most cases, this has followed use of the 0.75% (7.5 mg/mL) concentration. Resuscitation has been difficult or impossible despite apparently adequate preparation and appropriate management. Cardiac arrest has occurred after convulsions resulting from systemic toxicity, presumably following unintentional intravascular injection. The 0.75% (7.5 mg/mL) concentration of MARCAINE is not recommended for obstetrical anesthesia and should be reserved for surgical procedures where a high degree of muscle relaxation and prolonged effect are necessary. 5.2 Dose-Related Toxicity The safety and effectiveness of MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE depend on proper dosage, correct technique, adequate precautions, and readiness for emergencies. Careful and constant monitoring of cardiovascular and respiratory (adequacy of ventilation) vital signs and the patient's state of consciousness should be performed after injection of MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE solutions. Possible early warning signs of central nervous system (CNS) toxicity are restlessness, anxiety, incoherent speech, lightheadedness, numbness and tingling of the mouth and lips, metallic taste, tinnitus, dizziness, blurred vision, tremors, twitching, CNS depression, or drowsiness. Delay in proper management of dose-related toxicity, underventilation from any cause, and/or altered sensitivity may lead to the development of acidosis, cardiac arrest, and, possibly, death. During major regional nerve blocks, such as those of the brachial plexus or lower extremity, the patient should have an indwelling intravenous catheter to assure adequate intravenous access. Use the lowest dosage of MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE that results in effective anesthesia to avoid high plasma levels and serious adverse effects. Avoid rapid injection of a large volume of MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE solution and administer fractional (incremental) doses when feasible. Injection of repeated doses of MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE may cause significant increases in plasma levels with each repeated dose due to slow accumulation of the drug or its …

Adverse Reactions

openFDA Drug Labeling

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions have been reported and described in the Warnings and Precautions section of the labeling: • Cardiac Arrest in Obstetrical Anesthesia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] • Dose-Related Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] • Methemoglobinemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] • Chondrolysis with Intra-Articular Infusion [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] • Severe, Persistent Hypertension, Cerebrovascular Accidents, and Bradycardia Due to Drug Interactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] • Cardiac Arrest with Intravenous Regional Anesthesia Use [see Contraindications (4) , Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] • Allergic-Type Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] • Systemic Toxicities with Unintended Intravascular or Intrathecal Injection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] • Respiratory Arrest Following Retrobulbar Block [see Warnings and Precautions (5.15) ] The following adverse reactions from voluntary reports or clinical studies have been reported with bupivacaine or bupivacaine and epinephrine. Because many of these reactions were reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Adverse reactions to MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE are characteristic of those associated with other amide-type local anesthetics. A major cause of adverse reactions to this group of drugs is excessive plasma levels, which may be due to overdosage, unintentional intravascular injection, or slow metabolic degradation. The most commonly encountered acute adverse reactions that demand immediate counter-measures were related to the CNS and the cardiovascular system. These adverse reactions were generally dose-related and due to high plasma levels which may have resulted from overdosage, rapid absorption from the injection site, diminished tolerance, or from unintentional intravascular injection of the local anesthetic solution. In addition to systemic dose-related toxicity, unintentional intrathecal injection of drug during the intended performance of caudal or lumbar epidural block or nerve blocks near the vertebral column (especially in the head and neck region) has resulted in underventilation or apnea ("Total or High Spinal"). Also, hypotension due to loss of sympathetic tone and respiratory paralysis or underventilation due to cephalad extension of the motor level of anesthesia have occurred. This has led to secondary cardiac arrest when untreated. Most common adverse reactions are related to the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system. ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Pfizer Inc. at 1-800-438-1985 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch . Nervous System Disorders : Adverse reactions were characterized by excitation and/or depression of the central nervous system and included restlessness, anxiety, dizziness, tinnitus, blurred vision, tremors, convulsions, drowsiness, unconsciousness, respiratory arrest, nausea, vomiting, chills, pupillary constriction. In the practice of caudal or lumbar epidural block, unintentional penetration of the subarachnoid space by the catheter or needle has occurred. Subsequent adverse effects may have depended partially on the amount of drug administered intrathecally and the physiological and physical effects of a dural puncture. A high spinal has been characterized by paralysis of the legs, loss of consciousness, respiratory paralysis, and bradycardia. Neurologic effects following epidural or caudal anesthesia have included spinal block of varying magnitude (including high or total spinal block); hypotension secondary to spinal block; urinary retention; fecal and urinary incontinence; loss of perineal sensation and sexual function; persistent anesthesia, paresthesia, weakness, paralysis of the lower extremities and loss of sphincter control, …

Drug Interactions

openFDA Drug Labeling

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS • Local Anesthetics : The toxic effects of local anesthetics are additive. Monitor for neurologic and cardiovascular effects when additional local anesthetics are administered. ( 7.1 ) • Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors and Tricyclic Antidepressants : Administration of MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE to patients receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants may produce severe, prolonged hypertension. Concurrent use of these agents should generally be avoided. ( 5.6 , 7.2 ) • Ergot-Type Oxytocic Drugs : Concurrent administration of MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE and ergot-type oxytocic drugs may cause severe, persistent hypertension or cerebrovascular accidents. ( 5.6 , 7.3 ) • Nonselective Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists : Administration of MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE (containing a vasoconstrictor) in patients receiving nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonists may cause severe hypertension and bradycardia. Concurrent use of these agents should generally be avoided. ( 5.6 , 7.4 ) • Drugs Associated with Methemoglobinemia : Patients are at increased risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to nitrates, nitrites, local anesthetics, antineoplastic agents, antibiotics, antimalarials, anticonvulsants, and other drugs. ( 7.5 ) • Potent Inhalation Anesthetics : Serious dose-related cardiac arrhythmias may occur if preparations containing a vasoconstrictor such as epinephrine are used in patients during or following the administration of potent inhalation anesthetics. ( 5.13 , 7.6 ) 7.1 Local Anesthetics The toxic effects of local anesthetics are additive. If coadministration of other local anesthetics with MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE cannot be avoided, monitor patients for neurologic and cardiovascular effects related to local anesthetic systemic toxicity [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) , Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . 7.2 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors and Tricyclic Antidepressants The administration of MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE to patients receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors, or tricyclic antidepressants may produce severe, prolonged hypertension. Concurrent use of these agents should generally be avoided. In situations when concurrent therapy is necessary, careful monitoring of the patient's hemodynamic status is essential [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] . 7.3 Ergot-Type Oxytocic Drugs Concurrent administration of MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE and ergot-type oxytocic drugs may cause severe, persistent hypertension or cerebrovascular accidents. Avoid use of MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE concomitantly with ergot-type oxytocic drugs [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ]. 7.4 Nonselective Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists Administration of MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE (containing a vasoconstrictor) in patients receiving nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonists may cause severe hypertension and bradycardia. Concurrent use of these agents should generally be avoided. In situations when concurrent therapy is necessary, careful monitoring of the patient's blood pressure and heart rate is essential [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ]. 7.5 Drugs Associated with Methemoglobinemia Patients who are administered MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE are at increased risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to the following drugs, which could include other local anesthetics [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] . Examples of Drugs Associated with Methemoglobinemia: Class Examples Nitrates/Nitrites nitric oxide, nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, nitrous oxide Local anesthetics articaine, benzocaine, bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, procaine, ropivacaine, tetracaine Antineoplastic agents cyclophosphamide, flutamide, hydroxyurea, ifosfamide, rasburicase Antibiotics dapsone, nitrofurantoin, para-aminosalicylic acid, sulfonamides Antimalarials chloroquine, primaquine Anticonvulsants phenobarbital, phenytoin, sodium valproate Other drugs acetaminophen, metoclopramide, …

Use in Specific Populations

openFDA Drug Labeling

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE is contraindicated for obstetrical paracervical block anesthesia. Its use in this technique has resulted in fetal bradycardia and death [see Contraindications (4), Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. There are no available data on use of MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk of adverse developmental outcomes. In animal studies, embryo-fetal lethality was noted when bupivacaine was administered subcutaneously to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis at clinically relevant doses. Decreased pup survival was observed in a rat pre- and post-natal developmental study (dosing from implantation through weaning) at a dose level comparable to the daily maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) on a body surface area (BSA) basis. Based on animal data, advise pregnant women of the potential risks to a fetus (see Data). Local anesthetics rapidly cross the placenta, and when used for epidural, caudal, or pudendal block anesthesia, can cause varying degrees of maternal, fetal, and neonatal toxicity [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. The incidence and degree of toxicity depend upon the procedure performed, the type, and amount of drug used, and the technique of drug administration. Adverse reactions in the parturient, fetus, and neonate involve alterations of the CNS, peripheral vascular tone, and cardiac function. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, inform the patient of the potential hazard to the fetus. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations are unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2–4% and 15–20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Maternal Adverse Reactions Maternal hypotension has resulted from regional anesthesia. Local anesthetics produce vasodilation by blocking sympathetic nerves. The supine position is dangerous in pregnant women at term because of aortocaval compression by the gravid uterus. Therefore, during treatment of systemic toxicity, maternal hypotension or fetal bradycardia following regional block, the parturient should be maintained in the left lateral decubitus position if possible, or manual displacement of the uterus off the great vessels be accomplished. Elevating the patient's legs will also help prevent decreases in blood pressure. The fetal heart rate also should be monitored continuously and electronic fetal monitoring is highly advisable. Labor or Delivery Epidural, caudal, or pudendal anesthesia may alter the forces of parturition through changes in uterine contractility or maternal expulsive efforts. Epidural anesthesia has been reported to prolong the second stage of labor by removing the parturient's reflex urge to bear down or by interfering with motor function. The use of obstetrical anesthesia may increase the need for forceps assistance. The use of some local anesthetic drug products during labor and delivery may be followed by diminished muscle strength and tone for the first day or two of life. This has not been reported with bupivacaine. It is extremely important to avoid aortocaval compression by the gravid uterus during administration of regional block to parturients. To do this, the patient must be maintained in the left lateral decubitus position or a blanket roll or sandbag may be placed beneath the right hip and gravid uterus displaced to the left. Data Animal Data Bupivacaine hydrochloride produced developmental toxicity when administered subcutaneously to pregnant rats and rabbits at clinically relevant doses. Bupivacaine hydrochloride was administered subcutaneously to rats at doses of 4.4, 13.3, & 40 mg/kg and to rabbits at doses of 1.3, 5.8, & 22.2 mg/kg during the period of organogenesis (implantation to closure of the h …

Mechanism of Action

openFDA Drug Labeling

12.1 Mechanism of Action Bupivacaine blocks the generation and the conduction of nerve impulses, presumably by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation in the nerve, by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse, and by reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. In general, the progression of anesthesia is related to the diameter, myelination, and conduction velocity of affected nerve fibers. Clinically, the order of loss of nerve function is as follows: (1) pain, (2) temperature, (3) touch, (4) proprioception, and (5) skeletal muscle tone. Epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor added to bupivacaine to slow absorption into the general circulation and thus prolong maintenance of an active tissue concentration.

Description

openFDA Drug Labeling

11 DESCRIPTION MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE contains bupivacaine hydrochloride, an amide local anesthetic, as the active pharmaceutical ingredient. The route of administration for MARCAINE (without epinephrine) is by injection, for infiltration, perineural, caudal, epidural, or retrobulbar use. The route of administration for MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE is by injection, for infiltration, perineural, caudal, or epidural use. Multiple-dose vials contain methylparaben [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] . Bupivacaine hydrochloride is 2-piperidinecarboxamide, 1-butyl- N -(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-, monohydrochloride, monohydrate. It is a white crystalline powder that is freely soluble in 95 percent ethanol, soluble in water, and slightly soluble in chloroform or acetone. It has the following structural formula: MARCAINE with 1:200,000 epinephrine, contains bupivacaine hydrochloride and epinephrine bitartrate (an alpha and beta-adrenergic agonist) as active pharmaceutical ingredients. This product is for injection via local infiltration, peripheral nerve block, and caudal and lumbar epidural blocks. Multiple dose vials contain methylparaben and they should not be used for caudal and lumbar epidural blocks. Epinephrine bitartrate is (–) - 3,4-Dihydroxy-α-[(methylamino)methyl] benzyl alcohol (+)-tartrate (1:1) salt. Epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor. It has the following structural formula: MARCAINE (bupivacaine hydrochloride) is a clear and colorless sterile isotonic solution. Each mL of single-dose vial contains 2.5 mg, 5 mg or 7.5 mg of bupivacaine hydrochloride (equivalent to 2.22 mg, 4.44 mg or 6.66 mg of bupivacaine, respectively), sodium chloride for isotonicity, sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH between 4 and 6.5, in water for injection. For the Multiple-dose vials, each mL also contains 1 mg methylparaben as preservative. MARCAINE with epinephrine 1:200,000 (as bitartrate) is a clear and colorless sterile isotonic solution. Each mL contains 2.5 mg or 5 mg bupivacaine hydrochloride (equivalent to 2.22 mg or 4.44 mg of bupivacaine, respectively), and 0.0091 mg epinephrine bitartrate (equivalent to 0.005 mg of epinephrine), with sodium chloride for isotonicity, 0.5 mg sodium metabisulfite, 0.001 mL monothioglycerol, and 2 mg ascorbic acid as antioxidants, 0.0017 mL 60% sodium lactate buffer, and 0.1 mg edetate calcium disodium as stabilizer. The pH of these solutions is adjusted to between 3.4 and 4.5 with sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid. For the Multiple-dose vials, each mL also contains 1 mg methylparaben as preservative. The specific gravity of MARCAINE 0.5% with epinephrine 1:200,000 (as bitartrate) at 25 °C is 1.008 and at 37 °C is 1.008. Chemical Structure Chemical Structure

10 OVERDOSAGE Clinical Presentation Acute emergencies from use of MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE are generally related to high plasma levels encountered during therapeutic use or to unintended intrathecal injection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2 , 5.9) , Adverse Reactions (6) ]. If not treated immediately, convulsions with simultaneous hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis plus myocardial depression from the direct effects of bupivacaine may result in cardiac arrhythmias, bradycardia, asystole, ventricular fibrillation, or cardiac arrest. Respiratory abnormalities, including apnea, may occur. Hypoventilation or apnea due to unintentional intrathecal injection of MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE may produce these same signs and also lead to cardiac arrest if ventilatory support is not instituted. If cardiac arrest should occur, successful outcome may require prolonged resuscitative efforts. Management The first step in the management of systemic toxic reactions, as well as hypoventilation or apnea due to unintentional intrathecal injection of MARCAINE / MARCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE, consists of immediate attention to the establishment and maintenance of a patent airway and effective assisted or controlled ventilation with 100% oxygen with a delivery system capable of permitting immediate positive airway pressure by mask. Endotracheal intubation, using drugs and techniques familiar to the clinician, may be indicated after initial administration of oxygen by mask if difficulty is encountered in the maintenance of a patent airway, or if prolonged ventilatory support (assisted or controlled) is indicated. If necessary, use drugs to manage the convulsions. A bolus intravenous dose of a benzodiazepine will counteract CNS stimulation related to MARCAINE. Immediately after the institution of ventilatory measures, evaluate the adequacy of the circulation. Supportive treatment of circulatory depression may require Advanced Cardiac Life Support measures.

How Supplied / Storage and Handling

openFDA Drug Labeling

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Store at 20 °C to 25 °C (68 °F to 77 °F); excursions permitted between 15 °C to 30 °C (59 °F to 86 °F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.] MARCAINE with epinephrine 1:200,000 (as bitartrate)―Do not autoclave solutions of MARCAINE that contain epinephrine and protect from light. This product is clear and colorless. Do not use the solution if it is discolored or if it contains a precipitate. Unit of Sale Concentration Each 0.25% with epinephrine 1:200,000—Contains 2.5 mg bupivacaine hydrochloride per mL. NDC 0409-5738-10 Carton of 10 25 mg/10 mL (2.5 mg/mL) NDC 0409-5738-01 single-dose vial NDC 0409-1541-10 Carton of 10 75 mg/30 mL (2.5 mg/mL) NDC 0409-1541-01 single-dose vial NDC 0409-3812-01 Carton of 1 125 mg/50 mL (2.5 mg/mL) NDC 0409-3812-01 multiple-dose vial 0.5% with epinephrine 1:200,000—Contains 5 mg bupivacaine hydrochloride per mL. NDC 0409-8126-10 Carton of 10 50 mg/10 mL (5 mg/mL) NDC 0409-8126-01 single-dose vial NDC 0409-4208-10 Carton of 10 150 mg/30 mL (5 mg/mL) NDC 0409-4208-01 single-dose vial NDC 0409-6581-01 Carton of 1 250 mg/50 mL (5 mg/mL) NDC 0409-6581-01 multiple-dose vial For single-dose vials: Discard unused portion. Also supplied in the following manufacturer-supplied dosage forms for MARCAINE (without epinephrine). • 0.25% (25 mg/10 mL) (2.5 mg/mL) in single-dose vials. • 0.25% (75 mg/30 mL) (2.5 mg/mL) in single-dose vials. • 0.25% (125 mg/50 mL) (2.5 mg/mL) in multiple-dose vials. • 0.5% (50 mg/10 mL) (5 mg/mL) in single-dose vials. • 0.5% (150 mg/30 mL) (5 mg/mL) in single-dose vials. • 0.5% (250 mg/50 mL) (5 mg/mL) in multiple-dose vials. • 0.75% (75 mg/10 mL) (7.5 mg/mL) in single-dose vials. • 0.75% (225 mg/30 mL) (7.5 mg/mL) in single-dose vials.

Adverse event reports

Source: openFDA FAERS
56,476
FAERS reports mentioning this drug
as of 2026-09-25T03:42:24+00:00
A report count is not a risk measure. FAERS accepts voluntary and mandatory reports without establishing causation, and reporting is influenced by how widely a drug is used, how long it has been marketed, and media attention. FDA states that reports “do not prove that the drug caused the event”. Compare rates, not totals.

Attributed to this product's most-reported active ingredient: EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE. Combination products with more than six active ingredients are not attributed, because a report count summed across a long ingredient list measures the list, not the medicine.

Shortages

Source: FDA Drug Shortages
Availability records from the FDA Drug Shortages database.
Status Availability Company Presentation Updated
Current Available Hospira, Inc., a Pfizer Company Marcaine With Epinephrine, Injection, Marcaine with Epinephrine 1:200,000 as the bitartrate 250 mg/50 mL (5 mg/mL 1:200,000) (NDC 0409-1755-50) September 22, 2026
Current Available Hospira, Inc., a Pfizer Company Marcaine With Epinephrine, Injection, Marcaine with Epinephrine 1:200,000 as the bitartrate 75 mg/30 mL (2.5 mg/mL 1:200,000) (NDC 0409-1746-30) September 22, 2026
Current Available Hospira, Inc., a Pfizer Company Marcaine With Epinephrine, Injection, Marcaine with Epinephrine 1:200,000 as the bitartrate 25 mg/10 mL (2.5 mg/mL 1:200,000) (NDC 0409-1746-10) September 22, 2026
Current Available Hospira, Inc., a Pfizer Company Marcaine With Epinephrine, Injection, Marcaine with Epinephrine 1:200,000 as the bitartrate 150 mg/30 mL (5 mg/mL 1:200,000) (NDC 0409-1749-29) September 22, 2026
Current Available Hospira, Inc., a Pfizer Company Marcaine With Epinephrine, Injection, Marcaine with Epinephrine 1:200,000 as the bitartrate 125 mg/50 mL (2.5 mg/mL 1:200,000) (NDC 0409-1752-50) September 22, 2026
Current Available Hospira, Inc., a Pfizer Company Marcaine With Epinephrine, Injection, Marcaine with Epinephrine 1:200,000 as the bitartrate 50 mg/10 mL (5 mg/mL 1:200,000) (NDC 0409-1749-10) September 22, 2026

Packaging and NDCs

Source: NDC Directory
Every National Drug Code package associated with this medication. The NDC is the identifier used for dispensing, billing and pharmacovigilance in the United States.
Package NDC Product NDC Labeler Description Marketing start
0404-9908-30 0404-9908 Henry Schein, Inc. 1 VIAL, SINGLE-DOSE in 1 BAG (0404-9908-30) / 30 mL in 1 VIAL, SINGLE-DOSE January 13, 2022
0409-1541-10 0409-1541 Hospira, Inc. 10 VIAL, SINGLE-DOSE in 1 CARTON (0409-1541-10) / 30 mL in 1 VIAL, SINGLE-DOSE (0409-1541-01) September 6, 2022
0409-1746-10 0409-1746 Hospira, Inc. 10 VIAL, SINGLE-DOSE in 1 CARTON (0409-1746-10) / 10 mL in 1 VIAL, SINGLE-DOSE (0409-1746-70) December 9, 2005
0409-1746-30 0409-1746 Hospira, Inc. 10 VIAL, SINGLE-DOSE in 1 CARTON (0409-1746-30) / 30 mL in 1 VIAL, SINGLE-DOSE (0409-1746-71) September 12, 2005
0409-1749-10 0409-1749 Hospira, Inc. 10 VIAL, SINGLE-DOSE in 1 CARTON (0409-1749-10) / 10 mL in 1 VIAL, SINGLE-DOSE (0409-1749-70) September 22, 2005
0409-1749-29 0409-1749 Hospira, Inc. 10 VIAL, SINGLE-DOSE in 1 CARTON (0409-1749-29) / 30 mL in 1 VIAL, SINGLE-DOSE (0409-1749-71) September 12, 2005
0409-1752-50 0409-1752 Hospira, Inc. 1 VIAL, MULTI-DOSE in 1 CARTON (0409-1752-50) / 50 mL in 1 VIAL, MULTI-DOSE February 6, 2006
0409-1755-50 0409-1755 Hospira, Inc. 1 VIAL, MULTI-DOSE in 1 CARTON (0409-1755-50) / 50 mL in 1 VIAL, MULTI-DOSE March 22, 2006
0409-3812-01 0409-3812 Hospira, Inc. 1 VIAL, MULTI-DOSE in 1 CARTON (0409-3812-01) / 50 mL in 1 VIAL, MULTI-DOSE September 6, 2022
0409-4208-10 0409-4208 Hospira, Inc. 10 VIAL, SINGLE-DOSE in 1 CARTON (0409-4208-10) / 30 mL in 1 VIAL, SINGLE-DOSE (0409-4208-01) September 26, 2022
0409-5738-10 0409-5738 Hospira, Inc. 10 VIAL, SINGLE-DOSE in 1 CARTON (0409-5738-10) / 10 mL in 1 VIAL, SINGLE-DOSE (0409-5738-01) September 6, 2022
0409-6581-01 0409-6581 Hospira, Inc. 1 VIAL, MULTI-DOSE in 1 CARTON (0409-6581-01) / 50 mL in 1 VIAL, MULTI-DOSE September 26, 2022
0409-8126-10 0409-8126 Hospira, Inc. 10 VIAL, SINGLE-DOSE in 1 CARTON (0409-8126-10) / 10 mL in 1 VIAL, SINGLE-DOSE (0409-8126-01) September 6, 2022
0404-9908 0404-9908 Henry Schein, Inc. — January 13, 2022
0409-1541 0409-1541 Hospira, Inc. — September 6, 2022
0409-1746 0409-1746 Hospira, Inc. — September 12, 2005
0409-1749 0409-1749 Hospira, Inc. — September 12, 2005
0409-1752 0409-1752 Hospira, Inc. — February 6, 2006
0409-1755 0409-1755 Hospira, Inc. — March 22, 2006
0409-3812 0409-3812 Hospira, Inc. — September 6, 2022
0409-4208 0409-4208 Hospira, Inc. — September 26, 2022
0409-5738 0409-5738 Hospira, Inc. — September 6, 2022
0409-6581 0409-6581 Hospira, Inc. — September 26, 2022
0409-8126 0409-8126 Hospira, Inc. — September 6, 2022

Sources for this page

Every dataset that contributed a fact to this page.
Dataset Agency Used for
NDC Directory FDA Identity, ingredients, strengths, forms, routes, labelers, packages
Drugs@FDA FDA Application, sponsor, submissions, review documents, marketing status
Orange Book FDA Therapeutic equivalence codes, reference drug flags, patents, exclusivity
Drug Labeling FDA / NLM Prescribing information reproduced above
FAERS FDA Adverse event report counts
Drug Shortages FDA Supply availability

Generated September 25, 2026 · 12 sections on this page.