Doxercalciferol

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Doxercalciferol injection is indicated for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis. Doxercalciferol is a synthetic vitamin D 2 analog: Doxercalciferol injection is indicated for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis. ( 1 )

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Before initiating treatment, ensure serum calcium is not above the upper limit of normal. ( 2.1 ) • Dosage for Doxercalciferol Injection in patients with CKD on dialysis: Initiate dosing at 4 mcg by bolus intravenous administration three times weekly at the end of dialysis (no more frequently than every other day). Maximum dose is 18 mcg weekly. (2.4) • Target the maintenance dose of Doxercalciferol Injection to intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels within the desired therapeutic range and serum calcium within normal limits.( 2 ) • See Full Prescribing Information for dose titration, laboratory monitoring, and important administration instructions. 2.1 Prior to Initiation of Doxercalciferol Injection • Ensure serum calcium is not above the upper limit of normal before initiating treatment with Doxercalciferol Injection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. 2.4 Important Administration Instructions for Doxercalciferol Injection • Administer Doxercalciferol Injection intravenously as a bolus dose at the end of dialysis. • Inspect Doxercalciferol Injection visually prior to administration; the solution should appear clear and colorless. Do not use if the solution is not clear or particles are present. • After initial vial use: o discard unused portion of the single-dose vial; o store opened multiple-dose vial for up to 3 days at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F). Discard unused portion of multiple-dose vial after 3 days [see How Supplied/Storage and Handling (16)]. 2.5 Dosage Recommendations for Doxercalciferol Injection in Patients with CKD on Dialysis • Initiate Doxercalciferol Injection at a dose of 4 mcg given by bolus intravenous administration three times weekly at the end of dialysis (no more frequently than every other day). • Target the maintenance dose of Doxercalciferol Injection to intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels within the desired therapeutic range and serum calcium within normal limits. • Monitor serum calcium, phosphorus, and intact PTH levels weekly after initiation of therapy or dose adjustment. • Titrate the dose of Doxercalciferol Injection based on intact PTH. The dose may be increased at 8-week intervals by 1 mcg to 2 mcg if intact PTH is not lowered by 50% and fails to reach the target range. The maximum dose is 18 mcg weekly. Prior to raising the dose, ensure serum calcium is within normal limits. • Suspend or decrease the dose if intact PTH is persistently and abnormally low to reduce the risk of adynamic bone disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] or if serum calcium is consistently above the normal range to reduce the risk of hypercalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] . If suspended, the drug should be restarted one week later at a dose that is at least 1 mcg lower. 2.6 Drug Interactions that May Require Dosage Adjustments of Doxercalciferol Injection • Increased monitoring of serum calcium and dose adjustment of Doxercalciferol Injection may be necessary when given concomitantly with drugs that may increase the risk of hypercalcemia [see Drug Interactions (7)]. • Increased monitoring of both serum calcium and intact PTH as well as dose adjustment of Doxercalciferol Injection may be necessary when given concomitantly with cytochrome P450 inhibitors or enzyme inducers [see Drug Interactions (7)].

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Injection: clear and colorless aqueous solution available as follows: 2 mcg per mL single-dose vial 4 mcg per 2 mL (2 mcg/mL) single-dose vial 4 mcg per 2 mL (2 mcg/mL) multiple-dose vial Injection: ( 3 ) 2 mcg per mL single-dose vial 4 mcg per 2 mL (2 mcg/mL) single-dose vial 4 mcg per 2 mL (2 mcg/mL) multiple-dose vial

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Doxercalciferol Injection is contraindicated in patients with: Hypercalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Vitamin D toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Known hypersensitivity to doxercalciferol or any of the inactive ingredients of Doxercalciferol Injection; serious hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis and angioedema have been reported [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3), Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. • Hypercalcemia ( 4 ) • Vitamin D toxicity ( 4 ) • Know hypersensitivity to doxercalciferol or any of the inactive ingredients of Doxercalciferol Injection ( 4 )

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in another section of the label: Hypercalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] Serious Hypersensitivity Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] Adynamic Bone Disease [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] The most common adverse reactions in patients with Stage 3 or 4 CKD (incidence >5%) were infection, urinary tract infection, chest pain, angina pectoris, constipation, dyspepsia, anemia, leucopenia, dehydration, edema, depression, hypertonia, insomnia, asthenia, paresthesia, cough increased, dyspnea, pruritus, sinusitis, and rhinitis. ( 6.1 ) The most common adverse reactions in patients with CKD on dialysis (incidence >5%) were headache, malaise, edema, nausea/vomiting, dyspnea, dizziness, pruritus, and bradycardia. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Meitheal Pharmaceuticals Inc. at 1-844-824-8426 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Doxercalciferol Capsules Adverse reactions in patients with stage 3 or 4 CKD Doxercalciferol capsules have been evaluated in two placebo-controlled, double-blind 24 week studies in patients with Stage 3 or 4 CKD. Patients were treated with doxercalciferol capsules (n=27) or placebo (n=28) [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . Adverse reactions occurring in the doxercalciferol capsules group at a frequency of 5% or greater and more frequently than in the placebo group are presented in Table 1 . Table 1: Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥5% Doxercalciferol Capsule-Treated Patients with CKD on Predialysis and Greater than Placebo in Two Double-Blind Clinical Studies * Pooled data on adverse reactions from clinical study reports (Studies BCI-CH-115 and BCI-CH-119). Adverse Reaction* Doxercalciferol (n=27) % Placebo (n=28) % Infection/bacterial infection/viral infection 30 25 Constipation 26 11 Rhinitis 22 11 Anemia 19 4 Cough 19 4 Dyspnea 19 11 Paresthesia 15 11 Asthenia 15 11 Insomnia 15 4 Hypertonia 11 4 Angina pectoris 8 0 Dehydration 7 4 Depression 7 0 Dyspepsia 7 4 Edema 7 4 Urinary tract infection 7 4 Leukopenia 7 0 Chest pain 7 4 Pruritus 7 4 Sinusitis 7 4 Adverse reactions in patients with CKD on dialysis Doxercalciferol capsules have been evaluated in two placebo-controlled, double-blind studies in patients with CKD on hemodialysis. Patients were treated with doxercalciferol capsules (n=61) or placebo (n=61) [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )] . After randomization to two groups, eligible patients underwent an 8-week washout period during which no vitamin D derivatives were administered to either group. Subsequently, all patients received doxercalciferol capsules in an open-label fashion for 16 weeks followed by a double-blind period of 8 weeks during which patients received either doxercalciferol capsules or placebo. Adverse reactions occurring in the doxercalciferol capsule groups at a frequency of 2% or greater, and more frequently than in the placebo group are presented in Table 2 . Table 2: Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥2% Doxercalciferol Capsule-Treated Patients with CKD on Dialysis and Greater than Placebo in Two Double-Blind Clinical Studies * A patient who reported the same medical term more than once was counted only once for that medical term. Adverse Reaction* Doxercalciferol (n=61) % Placebo (n=61) % Edema 34 21 Malaise 28 20 Headache 28 18 Nausea/Vomiting 21 20 Dizziness 12 10 Dyspnea 12 7 Pruritus 8 7 Bradycardia 7 5 Anorexia 5 3 Dyspepsia 5 2 Arthralgia 5 0 Weight increase 5 0 Abscess 3 0 Sleep disorder 3 0 Doxercalciferol Injection Adverse reactions in patients with CKD on hemodialysis Doxercalciferol injection has been studied in 70 patients with CKD on hemodia …

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Tables 3 and 4 include clinically significant drug interactions with doxercalciferol. Table 3: Clinically Significant Drug Interactions with Doxercalciferol Injection and Doxercalciferol Capsules Drugs that May Increase the Risk of Hypercalcemia Clinical Impact Concomitant administration of high doses of calcium-containing preparations or other vitamin D compounds may increase the risk of hypercalcemia. Thiazide diuretics are known to induce hypercalcemia by reducing excretion of calcium in the urine. Examples Calcium-containing products, other vitamin D compounds or thiazide diuretics Intervention Monitor serum calcium concentrations more frequently and adjust doxercalciferol dose as needed [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )]. Digitalis Compounds Clinical Impact Doxercalciferol can cause hypercalcemia which can potentiate the risk of digitalis toxicity. Intervention Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of digitalis toxicity and increase frequency of serum calcium monitoring when initiating or adjusting the dose of doxercalciferol in patients receiving digitalis compounds [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]. Cytochrome P450 Inhibitors Clinical Impact Doxercalciferol is activated by CYP 27 in the liver. Cytochrome P450 inhibitors may inhibit the 25-hydroxylation of doxercalciferol and thus reduce the formation of active doxercalciferol moiety [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )]. Examples Ketoconazole and erythromycin Intervention If a patient initiates or discontinues therapy with a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, dose adjustment of doxercalciferol may be necessary. Monitor intact PTH and serum calcium concentrations closely. Enzyme Inducers Clinical Impact Doxercalciferol is activated by CYP 27 in the liver. Enzyme inducers may affect the 25-hydroxylation of doxercalciferol [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )]. Examples Glutethimide and phenobarbital Intervention If a patient initiates or discontinues therapy with an enzyme inducer, dose adjustment of doxercalciferol may be necessary. Monitor intact PTH and serum calcium concentrations closely. Magnesium-containing Products Clinical Impact Concomitant administration of doxercalciferol and high doses of magnesium-containing products may increase the risk of hypermagnesemia. Examples Magnesium-containing products such as antacids Intervention Avoid use of magnesium-containing products and doxercalciferol in patients on chronic renal dialysis. Table 4: Clinically Significant Drug Interactions with Doxercalciferol Capsules Cholestyramine Clinical Impact Cholestyramine has been reported to reduce intestinal absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Therefore, it may impair intestinal absorption of doxercalciferol capsules. Intervention Administer doxercalciferol capsules at least 1 hour before or 4 to 6 hours after taking cholestyramine. Mineral Oil or other Substances that May Affect Absorption of Fat Clinical Impact The use of mineral oil or other substances that may affect absorption of fat may influence the absorption and availability of doxercalciferol. Intervention Administer doxercalciferol capsules at least 1 hour before or 4 to 6 hours after taking mineral oil or other substances that may affect absorption of fat. Cytochrome P450 inhibitors : Formation of the active doxercalciferol moiety may be hindered and may necessitate dosage adjustment. Monitor intact PTH and serum calcium concentrations closely. ( 7 ) Enzyme inducers : Formation of the active doxercalciferol moiety may be affected and may necessitate dosage adjustment. Monitor intact PTH and serum calcium concentrations closely. ( 7 ) Magnesium-containing products : Combined use may cause hypermagnesemia. Monitor serum magnesium concentrations more frequently and adjust dose as needed. ( 7 ) Cholestyramine : May impair absorption of doxercalciferol capsules. Administer doxercalciferol capsules at least 1 hour before or 4 to 6 hours after taking cholestyramine. ( 7 ) Mineral oil or other substances …

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary The limited available data with Doxercalciferol Injection in pregnant women are insufficient to identify a drug-associated risk for major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. There are risks to the mother and fetus associated with chronic kidney disease in pregnancy [see Clinical Considerations] . In reproduction studies in rats and rabbits administered doxercalciferol during organogenesis at up to 20 mcg/kg/day and 0.1 mcg/kg/day, respectively (approximately 25 times (rats) and less than (rabbits) the maximum recommended human oral dose of 60 mcg/week based on mcg/m 2 body surface area), no adverse developmental effects were observed [see Data] . The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk Chronic kidney disease in pregnancy increases the risk for maternal hypertension and preeclampsia, miscarriage, preterm delivery polyhydramnios, stillbirth, and low-birth-weight infants. Data Animal data There were no adverse effects on fetal development when doxercalciferol was administered at doses up to 20 mcg/kg/day in pregnant rats or doses up to 0.1 mcg/kg/day in pregnant rabbits during the period of organogenesis. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary There is no information available on the presence of doxercalciferol in human milk, the effects of the drug on the breastfed infant, or the effects of the drug on milk production. Infants exposed to Doxercalciferol Injection through breast milk should be monitored for signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia [see Clinical Considerations]. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for Doxercalciferol Injection and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from Doxercalciferol Injection or from the underlying maternal condition. Clinical Considerations Infants exposed to Doxercalciferol Injection through breast milk should be monitored for signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia, including seizures, vomiting, constipation and weight loss. Monitoring of serum calcium in the infant should be considered. 8.4 Pediatric Use Safety and efficacy of Doxercalciferol Injection in pediatric patients have not been established. 8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of Doxercalciferol Injection did not include sufficient numbers of patients 65 years or over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. 8.6 Hepatic Impairment Patients with hepatic impairment may not metabolize Doxercalciferol Injection appropriately. More frequent monitoring of intact PTH, calcium, and phosphorus levels should be done in patients with hepatic impairment.

12.1 Mechanism of Action Doxercalciferol is a synthetic vitamin D 2 analog that requires metabolic activation to form the active 1α,25-(OH) 2 D 2 metabolite, which binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) to result in the selective activation of vitamin D responsive pathways. Vitamin D and doxercalciferol have been shown to reduce PTH levels by inhibiting PTH synthesis and secretion.

11 DESCRIPTION Doxercalciferol injection contains doxercalciferol, which is a synthetic vitamin D 2 analog. Doxercalciferol undergoes metabolic activation in vivo to form 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 2 (1α,25-(OH) 2 D 2 ), a naturally occurring, biologically active form of vitamin D 2 . Doxercalciferol, USP is a white to off-white crystallized powder with a calculated molecular weight of 412.66 and a molecular formula of C 28 H 44 O 2 . It is soluble in oils and organic solvents, but is relatively insoluble in water. Chemically, doxercalciferol is (1α,3β,5Z,7E,22E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene-1,3-diol. The structural formula is: Injection Doxercalciferol injection 1 mL single-dose vials contain 2 mcg/mL of doxercalciferol. Doxercalciferol injection 2 mL single-dose vials contain 4 mcg/2 mL (2 mcg/mL) of doxercalciferol. Each milliliter (mL) of solution contains 2 mcg doxercalciferol and the following inactive ingredients: butylated hydroxytoluene (0.02 mg); disodium edetate (1.1 mg); ethanol, 100% (0.05 mL); polysorbate 20 (10 mg); sodium chloride (1.5 mg); sodium phosphate dibasic, heptahydrate (14.4 mg); and sodium phosphate monobasic, monohydrate (1.8 mg). Doxercalciferol injection 2 mL multiple-dose vials contain 4 mcg/2 mL (2 mcg/mL) of doxercalciferol. Each milliliter (mL) of solution contains 2 mcg doxercalciferol and the following inactive ingredients: butylated hydroxytoluene (0.02 mg); disodium edetate (1.1 mg); ethanol, 100% (0.075 mL); polysorbate 20 (10 mg); sodium chloride (1.5 mg); sodium phosphate dibasic, heptahydrate (14.4 mg); and sodium phosphate monobasic, monohydrate (1.8 mg). Chemical Structure

10 OVERDOSAGE Overdosage of Doxercalciferol Injection may lead to hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and hyperphosphatemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] . The treatment of acute overdosage should consist of supportive measures and discontinuation of Doxercalciferol Injection administration. Serum calcium levels should be measured until normal. Based on similarities between doxercalciferol and its active metabolite, 1α,25-(OH) 2 D 2 , it is expected that doxercalciferol is not removed from the blood by dialysis.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING How Supplied Doxercalciferol injection is a clear, colorless aqueous solution supplied in 2 mL amber glass vials as follows. Total Strength per Total Volume Strength per mL Flip-off Cap Color Vial Count per Carton × Total Vial Volume and vial Type Carton NDC Vial NDC 2 mcg per mL 2 mcg/mL Yellow 1 × 1 mL single-dose vial 55150-357-01 55150-357-01 50 × 1 mL single-dose vials 55150-357-50 4 mcg per 2 mL 2 mcg/mL Sky blue 1 × 2 mL single-dose vial 55150-358-01 55150-358-01 50 × 2 mL single-dose vials 55150-358-50 4 mcg per 2 mL 2 mcg/mL Magenta 1 × 2 mL multiple-dose vial 55150-359-01 55150-359-01 50 × 2 mL multiple-dose vials 55150-359-50 Storage and Handling *Protect from light. Store unopened vial in original carton. Dosage Form Storage temperature Excursions permitted to In-use storage Single-dose vial* 25°C (77°F) 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP controlled room temperature] Discard unused portion Multiple-dose vial* 25°C (77°F) 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP controlled room temperature] 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F), Discard 3 days after opening The vial stopper is not made with natural rubber latex.