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Cipro

ciprofloxacin · Kit

Prescription NDA TE AB RLD Official labelling
Informational index, not medical advice. Content is reproduced from public FDA and NLM data. Always confirm against the manufacturer's current prescribing information.

Overview

Brand name
Cipro
Generic name
ciprofloxacin
Dosage form
Kit
Route
—
Marketing category
NDA · NDA
Labeler
Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Product type
Human Prescription Drug
DEA schedule
Not scheduled
Active ingredients
0
NDC product codes
2
Packages
2
Data completeness
76% of corroborating sources present

Forms, strengths and routes

Source: NDC Directory
Dosage form
Kit
Route of administration
—
Presentations
4

Regulatory status

Source: Drugs@FDANDC Directory
Application number
020780
Application type
NDA · New Drug Application
Approval date
September 26, 1997
Sponsor
BAYER HLTHCARE
Products on application
2
Submissions recorded
46
Products approved under application 020780.
Product Trade name Form Strength Ingredient Status TE Flags
020780-001 CIPRO FOR SUSPENSION CIPROFLOXACIN Prescription AB RLD
020780-002 CIPRO FOR SUSPENSION CIPROFLOXACIN Prescription AB RLD RS

Therapeutic equivalence

Source: Orange Book
TE code
AB
Reference Listed Drug
Yes
Reference Standard
Yes

What this rating means: Therapeutically equivalent — bioequivalence demonstrated by in vivo or in vitro testing

Codes beginning with “A” indicate products the FDA considers therapeutically equivalent. Codes beginning with “B” indicate bioequivalence has not been established. See methodology.

Approval history

Source: Drugs@FDA
Most recent submissions on application 020780.
Type No. Action Status Date Review
Supplement 50 Labeling Approved September 20, 2024 Standard
Supplement 49 Labeling Approved March 30, 2021 Standard
Supplement 48 Labeling Approved May 8, 2020 Standard
Supplement 47 Labeling Approved March 5, 2020 Standard
Supplement 46 Labeling Approved May 3, 2019 Standard
Supplement 45 Labeling Approved October 18, 2018 Standard
Supplement 44 Labeling Approved July 26, 2017 Standard
Supplement 42 Labeling Approved September 14, 2016 Standard
Supplement 43 Labeling Approved July 26, 2016 Standard
Supplement 41 Efficacy Approved February 2, 2015 Standard
Supplement 40 Labeling Approved August 14, 2013 901 Required
Supplement 39 Labeling Approved January 30, 2013 Standard
Supplement 32 Labeling Approved November 15, 2011 Unknown
Supplement 38 Labeling Approved October 18, 2011 Unknown
Supplement 37 REMS Approved August 3, 2011 N/A
Supplement 36 Labeling Approved June 10, 2011 Standard
Supplement 33 Labeling Approved February 25, 2011 901 Required
Supplement 29 Labeling Approved June 24, 2009 Standard
Supplement 28 Labeling Approved April 27, 2009 Standard
Supplement 30 Labeling Approved April 6, 2009 Standard
Supplement 27 Labeling Approved February 13, 2009 Standard
Supplement 26 Labeling Approved October 3, 2008 Standard
Supplement 25 Labeling Approved January 18, 2008 Standard
Supplement 24 Labeling Approved June 25, 2007 Standard
Supplement 23 Labeling Approved June 19, 2006 Standard
Supplement 20 Labeling Approved November 9, 2005 Standard
Supplement 19 Labeling Approved May 18, 2005 Standard
Supplement 16 Efficacy Approved January 7, 2005 Unknown
Supplement 18 Labeling Approved July 14, 2004 Standard
Supplement 17 Labeling Approved July 14, 2004 Standard
Supplement 13 Efficacy Approved March 25, 2004 Priority
Supplement 15 Labeling Approved March 15, 2004 Standard
Supplement 14 Labeling Approved March 15, 2004 Standard
Supplement 12 Labeling Approved March 15, 2004 Standard
Supplement 11 Labeling Approved April 17, 2002 Standard
Supplement 8 Efficacy Approved August 30, 2000 Priority
Supplement 10 Labeling Approved June 28, 2000 Standard
Supplement 9 Labeling Approved June 28, 2000 Standard
Supplement 7 Labeling Approved June 28, 2000 Standard
Supplement 6 Labeling Approved June 28, 2000 Standard
Supplement 5 Labeling Approved March 5, 1999 Standard
Supplement 4 Labeling Approved September 17, 1998 Standard
Supplement 3 Labeling Approved September 17, 1998 Standard
Supplement 2 Labeling Approved September 17, 1998 —
Supplement 1 Labeling Approved September 17, 1998 Standard
Original application 1 Type 3 - New Dosage Form Approved September 26, 1997 Standard

Review documents

  • 0 · Supplement · September 24, 2024
  • 0 · Supplement · September 23, 2024
  • 0 · Supplement · September 23, 2024
  • 0 · Supplement · April 1, 2021
  • 0 · Supplement · March 31, 2021
  • 0 · Supplement · May 12, 2020
  • 0 · Supplement · May 11, 2020
  • 0 · Supplement · March 6, 2020
  • 0 · Supplement · March 6, 2020
  • 0 · Supplement · May 8, 2019
  • 0 · Supplement · May 6, 2019
  • 0 · Supplement · October 23, 2018
  • 0 · Supplement · October 19, 2018
  • 0 · Supplement · July 28, 2017
  • 0 · Supplement · July 27, 2017
  • 0 · Supplement · September 20, 2016
  • 0 · Supplement · September 19, 2016
  • 0 · Supplement · July 26, 2016
  • 0 · Supplement · July 26, 2016
  • 0 · Supplement · March 2, 2015
  • 0 · Supplement · February 12, 2015
  • 0 · Supplement · August 16, 2013
  • 0 · Supplement · August 15, 2013
  • 0 · Supplement · February 1, 2013
  • 0 · Supplement · January 31, 2013
  • 0 · Supplement · November 21, 2011
  • 0 · Supplement · November 16, 2011
  • 0 · Supplement · November 4, 2011
  • 0 · Supplement · October 20, 2011
  • 0 · Supplement · August 8, 2011

Prescribing information

Source: openFDA Drug Labeling

Reproduced verbatim from the Structured Product Labeling submitted to the FDA (effective 20260302). This is the manufacturer's labelling text, not a summary and not advice.

HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG · 20260302

Boxed Warning

openFDA Drug Labeling

WARNING: SERIOUS ADVERSE REACTIONS INCLUDING TENDINITIS, TENDON RUPTURE, PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY, CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM EFFECTS AND EXACERBATION OF MYASTHENIA GRAVIS • Fluoroquinolones, including CIPRO ® , have been associated with disabling and potentially irreversible serious adverse reactions that have occurred together [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )], including: • Tendinitis and tendon rupture [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]. • Peripheral neuropathy [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )]. • Central nervous system effects [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )]. Discontinue CIPRO immediately and avoid the use of fluoroquinolones, including CIPRO, in patients who experience any of these serious adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . • Fluoroquinolones, including CIPRO, may exacerbate muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis. Avoid CIPRO in patients with known history of myasthenia gravis . [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )]. • Because fluoroquinolones, including CIPRO, have been associated with serious adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1-5.16 )] , reserve CIPRO for use in patients who have no alternative treatment options for the following indications: • Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis [see Indications and Usage ( 1.10 )]. • Acute uncomplicated cystitis [see Indications and Usage ( 1.11 )]. • Acute sinusitis [see Indications and Usage ( 1.12 )]. WARNING: SERIOUS ADVERSE REACTIONS INCLUDING TENDINITIS, TENDON RUPTURE, PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY, CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM EFFECTS AND EXACERBATION OF MYASTHENIA GRAVIS See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. • Fluoroquinolones, including CIPRO ® , have been associated with disabling and potentially irreversible serious adverse reactions that have occurred together ( 5.1 ), including: • Tendinitis and tendon rupture ( 5.2 ) • Peripheral neuropathy ( 5.3 ) • Central nervous system effects ( 5.4 ) Discontinue CIPRO immediately and avoid the use of fluoroquinolones, including CIPRO, in patients who experience any of these serious adverse reactions ( 5.1 ) • Fluoroquinolones, including CIPRO, may exacerbate muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis. Avoid CIPRO in patients with known history of myasthenia gravis. ( 5.5 ) • Because fluoroquinolones, including CIPRO, have been associated with serious adverse reactions ( 5.1-5.16 ), reserve CIPRO for use in patients who have no alternative treatment options for the following indications: • Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis ( 1.10 ) • Acute uncomplicated cystitis ( 1.11 ) Acute sinusitis ( 1.12 )

Recent Major Changes

openFDA Drug Labeling

Warnings and Precautions, Hypersensitivity Reactions (5.7) 9/2024

Indications and Usage

openFDA Drug Labeling

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE CIPRO is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial indicated in adults (18 years of age and older) with the following infections caused by designated, susceptible bacteria and in pediatric patients where indicated: • Skin and Skin Structure Infections ( 1.1 ) • Bone and Joint Infections ( 1.2 ) • Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections ( 1.3 ) • Infectious Diarrhea ( 1.4 ) • Typhoid Fever (Enteric Fever) ( 1.5 ) • Uncomplicated Cervical and Urethral Gonorrhea ( 1.6 ) • Inhalational Anthrax post-exposure in adult and pediatric patients ( 1.7) • Plague in adult and pediatric patients ( 1.8 ) • Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis ( 1.9 ) • Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ( 1.10 ) • Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis • Urinary Tract Infections ( 1.11 ) • Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) • Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis • Complicated UTI and Pyelonephritis in Pediatric Patients • Acute Sinusitis ( 1.12 ) Usage To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of CIPRO and other antibacterial drugs, CIPRO should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. ( 1.13 ) 1.1 Skin and Skin Structure Infections CIPRO is indicated in adult patients for treatment of skin and skin structure infections caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia stuartii, Morganella morganii, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis, or Streptococcus pyogenes. 1.2 Bone and Joint Infections CIPRO is indicated in adult patients for treatment of bone and joint infections caused by Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 1.3 Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections CIPRO is indicated in adult patients for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections (used in combination with metronidazole) caused by Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Bacteroides fragilis. 1.4 Infectious Diarrhea CIPRO is indicated in adult patients for treatment of infectious diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli (enterotoxigenic isolates), Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella boydii † , Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri or Shigella sonnei † when antibacterial therapy is indicated. † Although treatment of infections due to this organism in this organ system demonstrated a clinically significant outcome, efficacy was studied in fewer than 10 patients. 1.5 Typhoid Fever (Enteric Fever) CIPRO is indicated in adult patients for treatment of typhoid fever (enteric fever ) caused by Salmonella typhi. The efficacy of ciprofloxacin in the eradication of the chronic typhoid carrier state has not been demonstrated. 1.6 Uncomplicated Cervical and Urethral Gonorrhea CIPRO is indicated in adult patients for treatment of uncomplicated cervical and urethral gonorrhea due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.17 )]. 1.7 Inhalational Anthrax (Post-Exposure) CIPRO is indicated in adults and pediatric patients from birth to 17 years of age for inhalational anthrax (post-exposure) to reduce the incidence or progression of disease following exposure to aerosolized Bacillus anthracis. Ciprofloxacin serum concentrations achieved in humans served as a surrogate endpoint reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit and provided the initial basis for approval of this indication. 1 Supportive clinical information for ciprofloxacin for anthrax post-exposure prophylaxis was obtained during the anthrax bioterror attacks of October 2001 [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )]. 1.8 Plague CIPRO is indicated for treatment of plague, including pneumonic and septicemic plague, due to Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) and prophylaxis for plague in adults and pediatric patients from birth to 17 years of age. Efficacy studies of ciprofloxacin could not be cond …

Dosage and Administration

openFDA Drug Labeling

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION CIPRO Tablets and Oral Suspension should be administered orally as described in the appropriate Dosage Guidelines tables. Adult Dosage Guidelines Infection Dose Frequency Duration Skin and Skin Structure 500 -750 mg every 12 hours 7 to 14 days Bone and Joint 500-750 mg every 12 hours 4 to 8 weeks Complicated Intra-Abdominal 500 mg every 12 hours 7 to 14 days Infectious Diarrhea 500 mg every 12 hours 5 to 7 days Typhoid Fever 500 mg every 12 hours 10 days Uncomplicated Gonorrhea 250 mg single dose single dose Inhalational anthrax (post-exposure) 500 mg every 12 hours 60 days Plague 500–750 mg every 12 hours 14 days Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis 500 mg every 12 hours 28 days Lower Respiratory Tract 500 -750 mg every 12 hours 7 to 14 days Urinary Tract 250-500 mg every 12 hours 7 to 14 days Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis 250 mg every 12 hours 3 days Acute Sinusitis 500 mg every 12 hours 10 days • Adults with creatinine clearance 30–50 mL/min 250–500 mg q 12 h (2.3 ) • Adults with creatinine clearance 5–29 mL/min 250–500 mg q 18 h ( 2.3 ) • Patients on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis 250–500 mg q 24 h (after dialysis) ( 2.3 ) Pediatric Oral Dosage Guidelines Infection Dose Frequency Duration Complicated UTI and Pyelonephritis (1 to 17 years of age) 10–20 mg/kg (maximum 750 mg per dose) Every 12 hours 10–21 days Inhalational Anthrax (Post-Exposure) 15 mg/kg (maximum 500 mg per dose) Every 12 hours 60 days Plague 15 mg/kg (maximum 500 mg per dose) Every 8 to 12 hours 14 days 2.1 Dosage in Adults The determination of dosage and duration for any particular patient must take into consideration the severity and nature of the infection, the susceptibility of the causative microorganism, the integrity of the patient’s host-defense mechanisms, and the status of renal and hepatic function. CIPRO Tablets or CIPRO for Oral Suspension may be administered to adult patients when clinically indicated at the discretion of the physician. Administer CIPRO for Oral Suspension using the co-packaged graduated spoon [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.7 )]. Table 1: Adult Dosage Guidelines Infection Dose Frequency Usual Durations Generally ciprofloxacin should be continued for at least 2 days after the signs and symptoms of infection have disappeared, except for inhalational anthrax (post-exposure). Skin and Skin Structure 500–750 mg every 12 hours 7 to 14 days Bone and Joint 500–750 mg every 12 hours 4 to 8 weeks Complicated Intra–Abdominal Used in conjunction with metronidazole. 500 mg every 12 hours 7 to 14 days Infectious Diarrhea 500 mg every 12 hours 5 to 7 days Typhoid Fever 500 mg every 12 hours 10 days Uncomplicated Urethral and Cervical Gonococcal Infections 250 mg single dose single dose Inhalational anthrax (post-exposure) Begin drug administration as soon as possible after suspected or confirmed exposure. 500 mg every 12 hours 60 days Plague 500–750 mg every 12 hours 14 days Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis 500 mg every 12 hours 28 days Lower Respiratory Tract Infections 500–750 mg every 12 hours 7 to 14 days Urinary Tract Infections 250–500 mg every 12 hours 7 to 14 days Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis 250 mg every 12 hours 3 days Acute Sinusitis 500 mg every 12 hours 10 days Conversion of IV to Oral Dosing in Adults Patients whose therapy is started with CIPRO IV may be switched to CIPRO Tablets or Oral Suspension when clinically indicated at the discretion of the physician (Table 2) [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Table 2: Equivalent AUC Dosing Regimens CIPRO Oral Dosage Equivalent CIPRO IV Dosage 250 mg Tablet every 12 hours 200 mg intravenous every 12 hours 500 mg Tablet every 12 hours 400 mg intravenous every 12 hours 750 mg Tablet every 12 hours 400 mg intravenous every 8 hours 2.2 Dosage in Pediatric Patients Dosing and initial route of therapy (that is, IV or oral) for cUTI or pyelonephritis should be determined by the severity of the infection. CIPRO should be administered as described in Table 3. Admini …

Dosage Forms and Strengths

openFDA Drug Labeling

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS • Tablets: 250 mg, functionally scored and 500 mg, functionally scored ( 3 ) • Oral Suspension: 5% (250 mg/5 mL), 10% (500 mg/5 mL) (3 ) 3.1 Tablets • 250 mg, slightly yellowish, film-coated, round, functionally scored, imprinted with “BAYER” on one side and “CIP 250” on the other • 500 mg, slightly yellowish, film-coated, capsule shaped, functionally scored, imprinted with “BAYER” on one side and “CIP 500” on the other 3.2 Oral Suspension • 5% Oral Suspension: 250 mg ciprofloxacin per 5 mL after reconstitution • 10% Oral Suspension: 500 mg ciprofloxacin per 5 mL after reconstitution

Contraindications

openFDA Drug Labeling

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS • Known hypersensitivity to CIPRO or other quinolones ( 4.1 , 5.6 , 5.7) • Concomitant administration with tizanidine ( 4.2 ) 4.1 Hypersensitivity CIPRO is contraindicated in persons with a history of hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin, any member of the quinolone class of antibacterials, or any of the product components [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )]. 4.2 Tizanidine Concomitant administration with tizanidine is contraindicated [see Drug Interactions ( 7 )].

Warnings and Cautions

openFDA Drug Labeling

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS • Hypersensitivity and other serious reactions: Serious and sometimes fatal reactions (for example, anaphylactic reactions) may occur after the first or subsequent doses of CIPRO. Discontinue CIPRO at the first sign of skin rash, jaundice or any sign of hypersensitivity. ( 4.1 , 5.6 , 5.7 ) • Hepatotoxicity: Discontinue immediately if signs and symptoms of hepatitis occur. ( 5.8 ) • Clostridioides difficile -associated diarrhea: Evaluate if colitis occurs. ( 5.11 ) • QT Prolongation: Prolongation of the QT interval and isolated cases of torsade de pointes have been reported. Avoid use in patients with known prolongation, those with hypokalemia, and with other drugs that prolong the QT interval. ( 5.12 , 7 , 8.5 ) 5.1 Disabling and Potentially Irreversible Serious Adverse Reactions Including Tendinitis and Tendon Rupture, Peripheral Neuropathy, and Central Nervous System Effects Fluoroquinolones, including CIPRO, have been associated with disabling and potentially irreversible serious adverse reactions from different body systems that can occur together in the same patient. Commonly seen adverse reactions include tendinitis, tendon rupture, arthralgia, myalgia, peripheral neuropathy, and central nervous system effects (hallucinations, anxiety, depression, insomnia, severe headaches, and confusion). These reactions can occur within hours to weeks after starting CIPRO. Patients of any age or without pre-existing risk factors have experienced these adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 , 5.3 , 5.4 )] . Discontinue CIPRO immediately at the first signs or symptoms of any serious adverse reaction. In addition, avoid the use of fluoroquinolones, including CIPRO, in patients who have experienced any of these serious adverse reactions associated with fluoroquinolones. 5.2 Tendinitis and Tendon Rupture Fluoroquinolones, including CIPRO, have been associated with an increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture in all ages [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) and Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 )] . This adverse reaction most frequently involves the Achilles tendon, and has also been reported with the rotator cuff (the shoulder), the hand, the biceps, the thumb, and other tendons. Tendinitis or tendon rupture can occur, within hours or days of starting CIPRO, or as long as several months after completion of fluoroquinolone therapy. Tendinitis and tendon rupture can occur bilaterally. The risk of developing fluoroquinolone-associated tendinitis and tendon rupture is increased in patients over 60 years of age, in patients taking corticosteroid drugs, and in patients with kidney, heart or lung transplants. Other factors that may independently increase the risk of tendon rupture include strenuous physical activity, renal failure, and previous tendon disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. Tendinitis and tendon rupture have also occurred in patients taking fluoroquinolones who do not have the above risk factors. Discontinue CIPRO immediately if the patient experiences pain, swelling, inflammation or rupture of a tendon. Avoid fluoroquinolones, including CIPRO, in patients who have a history of tendon disorders or have experienced tendinitis or tendon rupture [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 )]. 5.3 Peripheral Neuropathy Fluoroquinolones, including CIPRO, have been associated with an increased risk of peripheral neuropathy. Cases of sensory or sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy affecting small and/or large axons resulting in paresthesias, hypoesthesias, dysesthesias and weakness have been reported in patients receiving fluoroquinolones, including CIPRO. Symptoms may occur soon after initiation of CIPRO and may be irreversible in some patients [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) and Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 , 6.2 )] . Discontinue CIPRO immediately if the patient experiences symptoms of peripheral neuropathy including pain, burning, tingling, numbness, and/or weakness, or other alterations in sensations includin …

Adverse Reactions

openFDA Drug Labeling

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following serious and otherwise important adverse drug reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of labeling: • Disabling and Potentially Irreversible Serious Adverse Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] • Tendinitis and Tendon Rupture [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] • Peripheral Neuropathy [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] • Central Nervous System Effects [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] Exacerbation of Myasthenia Gravis [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] • Other Serious and Sometimes Fatal Adverse Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] • Hypersensitivity Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] • Hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )] • Risk of Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 )] • Serious Adverse Reactions with Concomitant Theophylline [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.10) ] • Clostridioides difficile -Associated Diarrhea [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.11 )] • Prolongation of the QT Interval [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.12 )] • Musculoskeletal Disorders in Pediatric Patients [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.13 )] • Photosensitivity/Phototoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.14 )] • Development of Drug Resistant Bacteria [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.15 )] The most common adverse reactions ≥1% were nausea, diarrhea, liver function tests abnormal, vomiting, and rash. ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. at 1-888-842-2937 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Adult Patients During clinical investigations with oral and parenteral CIPRO, 49,038 patients received courses of the drug. The most frequently reported adverse reactions, from clinical trials of all formulations, all dosages, all drug-therapy durations, and for all indications of ciprofloxacin therapy were nausea (2.5%), diarrhea (1.6%), liver function tests abnormal (1.3%), vomiting (1%), and rash (1%). Table 8: Medically Important Adverse Reactions That Occurred In less than 1% of Ciprofloxacin Patients System Organ Class Adverse Reactions Body as a Whole Headache Abdominal Pain/Discomfort Pain Cardiovascular Syncope Angina Pectoris Myocardial Infarction Cardiopulmonary Arrest Tachycardia Hypotension Central Nervous System Restlessness Dizziness Insomnia Nightmares Hallucinations Paranoia Psychosis (toxic) Manic Reaction Irritability Tremor Ataxia Seizures (including Status Epilepticus) Malaise Anorexia Phobia Depersonalization Depression (potentially culminating in self-injurious behavior (such as suicidal ideations/thoughts and attempted or completed suicide) Paresthesia Abnormal Gait Migraine Gastrointestinal Intestinal Perforation Gastrointestinal Bleeding Cholestatic Jaundice Hepatitis Pancreatitis Hemic/Lymphatic Petechia Metabolic/Nutritional Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia Musculoskeletal Arthralgia Joint Stiffness Muscle Weakness Renal/Urogenital Interstitial Nephritis Renal Failure Respiratory Dyspnea Laryngeal Edema Hemoptysis Bronchospasm Skin/Hypersensitivity Anaphylactic Reactions including life-threatening anaphylactic shock Erythema Multiforme/Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Exfoliative Dermatitis Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Pruritus Urticaria Photosensitivity/Phototoxicity reaction Flushing Fever Angioedema Erythema Nodosum Sweating Special Senses Blurred Vision Disturbed Vision (chromatopsia and photopsia) Decreased Visual Acuity Diplopia Tinnitus Hearing Loss Bad Taste In randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trials comparing CIPRO tablets [500 mg two times daily (BID)] to cefuroxime axetil (250 mg–500 mg BID) and to clarithromycin (500 mg BID) …

Drug Interactions

openFDA Drug Labeling

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Ciprofloxacin is an inhibitor of human cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) mediated metabolism. Co-administration of CIPRO with other drugs primarily metabolized by CYP1A2 results in increased plasma concentrations of these drugs and could lead to clinically significant adverse events of the co-administered drug. Table 11: Drugs That are Affected by and Affecting CIPRO Drugs That are Affected by CIPRO Drug(s) Recommendation Comments Tizanidine Contraindicated Concomitant administration of tizanidine and CIPRO is contraindicated due to the potentiation of hypotensive and sedative effects of tizanidine [ see Contraindications ( 4.2 ) ] Theophylline Avoid Use (Plasma Exposure Likely to be Increased and Prolonged) Concurrent administration of CIPRO with theophylline may result in increased risk of a patient developing central nervous system (CNS) or other adverse reactions. If concomitant use cannot be avoided, monitor serum levels of theophylline and adjust dosage as appropriate [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.10 )]. Drugs Known to Prolong QT Interval Avoid Use CIPRO may further prolong the QT interval in patients receiving drugs known to prolong the QT interval (for example, class IA or III antiarrhythmics, tricyclic antidepressants, macrolides, antipsychotics) [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.12 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.5 )]. Oral antidiabetic drugs Use with caution Glucose-lowering effect potentiated Hypoglycemia sometimes severe has been reported when CIPRO and oral antidiabetic agents, mainly sulfonylureas (for example, glyburide, glimepiride), were co-administered, presumably by intensifying the action of the oral antidiabetic agent. Fatalities have been reported . Monitor blood glucose when CIPRO is co-administered with oral antidiabetic drugs [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )]. Phenytoin Use with caution Altered serum levels of phenytoin (increased and decreased) To avoid the loss of seizure control associated with decreased phenytoin levels and to prevent phenytoin overdose-related adverse reactions upon CIPRO discontinuation in patients receiving both agents, monitor phenytoin therapy, including phenytoin serum concentration during and shortly after co-administration of CIPRO with phenytoin. Cyclosporine Use with caution (transient elevations in serum creatinine) Monitor renal function (in particular serum creatinine) when CIPRO is co-administered with cyclosporine. Anti-coagulant drugs Use with caution (Increase in anticoagulant effect) The risk may vary with the underlying infection, age and general status of the patient so that the contribution of CIPRO to the increase in INR (international normalized ratio) is difficult to assess. Monitor prothrombin time and INR frequently during and shortly after co-administration of CIPRO with an oral anti-coagulant (for example, warfarin). Methotrexate Use with caution Inhibition of methotrexate renal tubular transport potentially leading to increased methotrexate plasma levels Potential increase in the risk of methotrexate associated toxic reactions. Therefore, carefully monitor patients under methotrexate therapy when concomitant CIPRO therapy is indicated. Ropinirole Use with caution Monitoring for ropinirole-related adverse reactions and appropriate dose adjustment of ropinirole is recommended during and shortly after co-administration with CIPRO [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.16 )]. Clozapine Use with caution Careful monitoring of clozapine associated adverse reactions and appropriate adjustment of clozapine dosage during and shortly after co-administration with CIPRO are advised. NSAIDs Use with caution Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (but not acetyl salicylic acid) in combination of very high doses of quinolones have been shown to provoke convulsions in pre-clinical studies and in postmarketing. Sildenafil Use with caution Two-fold increase in exposure Monitor for sildenafil toxicity [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 ) ] . Duloxetine Avo …

Use in Specific Populations

openFDA Drug Labeling

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Lactation: Breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment, but a lactating woman may pump and discard breastmilk during treatment and an additional 2 days after the last dose. In patients treated for inhalational anthrax (post exposure), consider the risks and benefits of continuing breastfeeding. ( 8.2 ) See full prescribing information for use in pediatric and geriatric patients ( 8.4 , 8.5 ) 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Prolonged experience with ciprofloxacin in pregnant women over several decades, based on available published information from case reports, case control studies and observational studies on ciprofloxacin administered during pregnancy, have not identified any drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes (see Data) . Oral administration of ciprofloxacin during organogenesis at doses up to 100 mg/kg to pregnant mice and rats, and up to 30 mg/kg to pregnant rabbits did not cause fetal malformations (see Data). These doses were up to 0.3, 0.6, and 0.4 times the maximum recommended clinical oral dose in mice, rats, and rabbits, respectively, based on body surface area. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risks of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. Data Human Data While available studies cannot definitively establish the absence of risk, published data from prospective observational studies over several decades have not established an association with ciprofloxacin use during pregnancy and major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Available studies have methodological limitations including small sample size and some of them are not specific for ciprofloxacin. A controlled prospective observational study followed 200 women exposed to fluoroquinolones (52.5% exposed to ciprofloxacin and 68% first trimester exposures) during gestation. In utero exposure to fluoroquinolones during embryogenesis was not associated with increased risk of major malformations. The reported rates of major congenital malformations were 2.2% for the fluoroquinolone group and 2.6% for the control group (background incidence of major malformations is 1–5%). Rates of spontaneous abortions, prematurity and low birth weight did not differ between the groups and there were no clinically significant musculoskeletal dysfunctions up to one year of age in the ciprofloxacin exposed children. Another prospective follow-up study reported on 549 pregnancies with fluoroquinolone exposure (93% first trimester exposures). There were 70 ciprofloxacin exposures, all within the first trimester. The malformation rates among live-born babies exposed to ciprofloxacin and to fluoroquinolones overall were both within background incidence ranges. No specific patterns of congenital abnormalities were found. The study did not reveal any clear adverse reactions due to in utero exposure to ciprofloxacin. No differences in the rates of prematurity, spontaneous abortions, or birth weight were seen in women exposed to ciprofloxacin during pregnancy. However, these small postmarketing epidemiology studies, of which most experience is from short term, first trimester exposure, are insufficient to evaluate the risk for less common defects or to permit reliable and definitive conclusions regarding the safety of ciprofloxacin in pregnant women and their developing fetuses. Animal Data Developmental toxicology studies have been performed with ciprofloxacin in rats, mice, and rabbits. In rats and mice, oral doses up to 100 mg/kg administered during organogenesis (Gestation Days, GD, 6-17) were not associated with adverse developmental outcomes, including embryofetal toxicity or m …

Mechanism of Action

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12.1 Mechanism of Action Ciprofloxacin is a member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents [see Microbiology ( 12.4 )].

Mechanism of Action The bactericidal action of ciprofloxacin results from inhibition of the enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV (both Type II topoisomerases), which are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination.

Description

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11 DESCRIPTION CIPRO (ciprofloxacin hydrochloride) Tablets and CIPRO (ciprofloxacin) Oral Suspension are synthetic antimicrobial agents for oral administration. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, USP, a fluoroquinolone, is the monohydrochloride monohydrate salt of 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1, 4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid. It is a faintly yellowish to light yellow crystalline substance with a molecular weight of 385.8. Its empirical formula is C 17 H 18 FN 3 O 3 •HCl•H 2 O and its chemical structure is as follows: Ciprofloxacin is 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid. Its empirical formula is C 17 H 18 FN 3 O 3 and its molecular weight is 331.4. It is a faintly yellowish to light yellow crystalline substance and its chemical structure is as follows: CIPRO film-coated tablets are available in 250 mg and 500 mg (ciprofloxacin equivalent) strengths. Each CIPRO film-coated tablet contains 250 mg (equivalent to 291 mg ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate) or 500 mg of ciprofloxacin (equivalent to 582 mg ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate) CIPRO tablets are white to slightly yellowish. The inactive ingredients are cornstarch, crospovidone, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, silicon dioxide, and titanium dioxide. CIPRO Oral Suspension is available in 5% (5 g ciprofloxacin in 100 mL) and 10% (10 g ciprofloxacin in 100 mL) strengths. CIPRO Oral Suspension is a white to slightly yellowish suspension with strawberry flavor which may contain yellow-orange droplets. It is composed of ciprofloxacin microcapsules and diluent which are mixed prior to dispensing [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.5 )] . The components of the suspension have the following compositions: • Microcapsules–ciprofloxacin, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, methacrylic acid copolymer, Polysorbate 20 and povidone. • Diluent–medium-chain triglycerides, sucrose, soy-lecithin, water, and strawberry flavor. • Five (5) mL of 5% suspension contains approximately 1.4 g of sucrose and 5 mL of 10% suspension contains approximately 1.3 g of sucrose. chem struc 1 chem struc 2

10 OVERDOSAGE In the event of acute overdosage, reversible renal toxicity has been reported in some cases. Empty the stomach by inducing vomiting or by gastric lavage. Observe the patient carefully and give supportive treatment, including monitoring of renal function, urinary pH and acidify, if required, to prevent crystalluria and administration of magnesium, aluminum, or calcium containing antacids which can reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin. Adequate hydration must be maintained. Only a small amount of ciprofloxacin (less than 10%) is removed from the body after hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.

How Supplied / Storage and Handling

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16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING CIPRO (ciprofloxacin hydrochloride) Tablets are available as round, slightly yellowish film-coated tablets containing 250 mg ciprofloxacin. The 250 mg tablet is coded with the word “BAYER” on one side and functionally scored and engraved with “CIP 250” on the reverse side. CIPRO is also available as capsule shaped, slightly yellowish film-coated tablets containing 500 mg ciprofloxacin. The 500 mg tablet is coded with the word “BAYER” on one side and functionally scored and engraved with “CIP 500” on the reverse side. CIPRO 250 mg and 500 mg are available in bottles of 100. Strength NDC Code Tablet Identification Bottles of 100: 250 mg NDC 50419-758-01 CIPRO 250 500 mg NDC 50419-754-01 CIPRO 500 Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. CIPRO Oral Suspension is supplied in 5% and 10% strengths. The drug product is composed of two components (microcapsules containing the active ingredient and diluent) which must be mixed by the pharmacist [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.5 )]. Strengths Total volume after reconstitution Ciprofloxacin Concentration Ciprofloxacin contents per bottle NDC Code 5% 100 mL 250 mg/5 mL 5,000 mg 50419-777-01 10% 100 mL 500 mg/5 mL 10,000 mg 50419-773-01 Store microcapsules and diluent below 25°C (77°F); excursions are permitted from 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from freezing. The reconstituted product may be stored at 25°C (77°F) for 14 days; excursions are permitted from 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from freezing. A graduated teaspoon (5mL) with markings 1/2 (2.5 mL) and 1/1 (5 mL) is provided for the patient.

Packaging and NDCs

Source: NDC Directory
Every National Drug Code package associated with this medication. The NDC is the identifier used for dispensing, billing and pharmacovigilance in the United States.
Package NDC Product NDC Labeler Description Marketing start
50419-773-01 50419-773 Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. 1 KIT in 1 KIT (50419-773-01) * 100 mL in 1 BOTTLE, GLASS * 100 mL in 1 BOTTLE, GLASS September 26, 1997
50419-777-01 50419-777 Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. 1 KIT in 1 KIT (50419-777-01) * 100 mL in 1 BOTTLE, GLASS * 100 mL in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC September 26, 1997
50419-773 50419-773 Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. — September 26, 1997
50419-777 50419-777 Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. — September 26, 1997

Sources for this page

Every dataset that contributed a fact to this page.
Dataset Agency Used for
NDC Directory FDA Identity, ingredients, strengths, forms, routes, labelers, packages
Drugs@FDA FDA Application, sponsor, submissions, review documents, marketing status
Orange Book FDA Therapeutic equivalence codes, reference drug flags, patents, exclusivity
Drug Labeling FDA / NLM Prescribing information reproduced above

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