Cefoxitin and Dextrose

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Cefoxitin for Injection and Dextrose Injection is a cephalosporin antibacterial indicated for the treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible isolates of the designated bacteria ( 1 ): Lower respiratory tract infections ( 1.1 ); Urinary tract infections ( 1.2 ); Intra-abdominal infections ( 1.3 ); Gynecological infections ( 1.4 ); Septicemia ( 1.5 ); Bone and joint infections ( 1.6 ); Skin and skin structure infections ( 1.7 ); Prophylaxis ( 1.8 ). To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Cefoxitin for Injection and Dextrose Injection and other antibacterial drugs, Cefoxitin for Injection and Dextrose Injection should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria ( 1.9 ). 1.1 Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Cefoxitin for Injection and Dextrose Injection is indicated for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia and lung abscess, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae , other streptococci (excluding enterococci, e.g., Enterococcus faecalis [formerly Streptococcus faecalis ]), Staphylococcus aureus (including penicillinase-producing strains), Escherichia coli , Klebsiella species, Haemophilus influenzae , and Bacteroides species. 1.2 Urinary Tract Infections Cefoxitin for Injection and Dextrose Injection is indicated for the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli , Klebsiella species, Proteus mirabilis , Morganella morganii , Proteus vulgaris and Providencia species (including P. rettgeri ). 1.3 Intra-abdominal Infections Cefoxitin for Injection and Dextrose Injection is indicated for the treatment of intra-abdominal infections , including peritonitis and intra-abdominal abscess, caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Bacteroides species including Bacteroides fragilis , and Clostridium species. 1.4 Gynecological Infections Cefoxitin for Injection and Dextrose Injection is indicated for the treatment of gynecological infections , including endometritis, pelvic cellulitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease caused by Escherichia coli , Neisseria gonorrhoeae (including penicillinase-producing strains), Bacteroides species including B. fragilis , Clostridium species, Peptococcus niger , Peptostreptococcus species, and Streptococcus agalactiae . Cefoxitin has no activity against Chlamydia trachomatis . Therefore, when cefoxitin is used in the treatment of patients with pelvic inflammatory disease and C. trachomatis is one of the suspected pathogens, appropriate anti-chlamydial coverage should be added. 1.5 Septicemia Cefoxitin for Injection and Dextrose Injection is indicated for the treatment of Septicemia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae , Staphylococcus aureus (including penicillinase-producing strains), Escherichia coli , Klebsiella species, and Bacteroides species including B. fragilis . 1.6 Bone and Joint Infections Cefoxitin for Injection and Dextrose Injection is indicated for the treatment of bone and joint infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including penicillinase-producing strains). 1.7 Skin and Skin Structure Infections Cefoxitin for Injection and Dextrose Injection is indicated for the treatment of skin and skin structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including penicillinase-producing strains), Staphylococcus epidermidis , Streptococcus pyogenes and other streptococci (excluding enterococci, e.g., Enterococcus faecalis [formerly Streptococcus faecalis ]), Escherichia coli , Proteus mirabilis , Klebsiella species, Bacteroides species including B. fragilis , Clostridium species, Peptococcus niger , and Peptostreptococcus species. 1.8 Prophylaxis Cefoxitin for Injection and Dextrose Injection is indicated for the prophylaxis of infection in patients undergoing uncontaminated gastrointestinal surgery, vaginal hysterectomy, abdominal hysterectomy, or cesarean section. If there are signs of infect …

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION For intravenous use only. ( 2 ) Use this formulation of cefoxitin only in patients who require the entire 1 or 2 gram dose and not any fraction thereof. ( 2.3 ) See full prescribing information for dose adjustment in patients with impaired renal function. ( 2.3 ) Recommended dosing schedule in patients with normal renal function. ( 2.1 ) 2.1 Dosage in Adults for Treatment The usual adult dosage range is 1 gram to 2 grams every six to eight hours. Dosage should be determined by susceptibility of the causative organisms, severity of infection, and the condition of the patient (see Table 1 for dosage guidelines). Administer Cefoxitin for Injection and Dextrose Injection intravenously over approximately 30 minutes. If C. trachomatis is a suspected pathogen, appropriate anti-chlamydial coverage should be added, because cefoxitin sodium has no activity against this organism [see Indications and Usage (1.4) ] . Antibacterial therapy for group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections should be maintained for at least 10 days to guard against the risk of rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis. In staphylococcal and other infections involving a collection of pus, surgical drainage should be carried out where indicated. Use this formulation of cefoxitin only in patients who require the entire 1 or 2 gram dose and not any fraction thereof. Table 1: Guidelines for Dosage of Cefoxitin for Injection Type of Infection Daily Dosage Frequency and Route Uncomplicated forms Including patients in whom bacteremia is absent or unlikely. of infections such as pneumonia, urinary tract infection, cutaneous infection 3-4 grams 1 gram every 6-8 hours IV Moderately severe or severe infections 6-8 grams 1 gram every 4 hours or 2 grams every 6-8 hours IV Infections commonly needing antibacterial drugs in higher dosage (e.g., gas gangrene) 12 grams 2 grams every 4 hours or 3 grams every 6 hours IV 2.2 Dosage in Adults for Prophylaxis Effective prophylactic use depends on the time of administration. Cefoxitin for Injection and Dextrose Injection usually should be given one-half to one hour before the operation, which is sufficient time to achieve effective levels in the wound during the procedure. Prophylactic administration should usually be stopped within 24 hours since continuing administration of any antibacterial increases the possibility of adverse reactions but, in the majority of surgical procedures, does not reduce the incidence of subsequent infection. For prophylactic use in uncontaminated gastrointestinal surgery, vaginal hysterectomy, or abdominal hysterectomy, the following doses are recommended: • 2 grams administered intravenously just prior to surgery (approximately one-half to one hour before the initial incision) followed by • 2 grams every 6 hours after the first dose for no more than 24 hours. For patients undergoing cesarean section, either a single 2 gram dose administered intravenously as soon as the umbilical cord is clamped OR a 3-dose regimen consisting of 2 grams given intravenously as soon as the umbilical cord is clamped followed by 2 grams 4 and 8 hours after the initial dose is recommended [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ]. 2.3 Dosage in Patients with Renal Impairment In adults with renal impairment, an initial loading dose of 1 gram to 2 grams may be given. After a loading dose, the recommendations for maintenance dosage (Table 2) may be used as a guide. When only the serum creatinine level is available, the following formula (based on sex, weight, and age of the patient) may be used to convert this value into creatinine clearance. The serum creatinine should represent a steady state of renal function. Males: Weight (kg) x (140 - age) 72 x serum creatinine (mg/100 mL) Females: 0.85 x above value In patients undergoing hemodialysis, the loading dose of 1 to 2 grams should be given after each hemodialysis, and the maintenance dose should be given as indicated in Table 2. Table 2: Maintenance Dosage of Ce …

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Single-dose DUPLEX ® (Dual-chamber), Container: • 1 g cefoxitin for injection and 50 mL of 5% dextrose injection • 2 g cefoxitin for injection and 50 mL of 5% dextrose injection Single-dose DUPLEX ® Container consisting of: 1 g cefoxitin for injection and 50 mL 5% dextrose injection ( 3 ) 2 g cefoxitin for injection and 50 mL 5% dextrose injection ( 3 )

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Hypersensitivity to cefoxitin or other beta-lactam antibacterial drugs. ( 4.1 ) Hypersensitivity to corn products. ( 4.2 ) 4.1 Hypersensitivity to Cefoxitin or other Beta-lactam Antibacterial Drugs Cefoxitin for Injection and Dextrose Injection is contraindicated in patients who have shown hypersensitivity to cefoxitin or to other β-lactam antibacterial drugs (e.g., penicillins and cephalosporins). 4.2 Hypersensitivity to Corn Products Solutions containing dextrose may be contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to corn products.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of labeling: • Hypersensitivity Reactions to Cefoxitin or other Beta-lactam Antibacterial Drugs [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] • Use in Patients with Renal Impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) , Use in Specific Populations (8.6)] • Clostridium difficile -associated Diarrhea [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] • Risk of Development of Drug-resistant Bacteria [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] • Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] • Patients with a History of Gastrointestinal Disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] • Patients with Overt or Known Subclinical Diabetes Mellitus or Carbohydrate Intolerance [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] The most common adverse reactions have been local reactions following intravenous injection. Local Reactions Thrombophlebitis has occurred with intravenous administration. Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders Rash (including exfoliative dermatitis and toxic epidermal necrolysis), urticaria, flushing, pruritus, eosinophilia, fever, dyspnea, and other allergic reactions including anaphylaxis, interstitial nephritis and angioedema have been noted. Cardiovascular Disorders Hypotension. Gastrointestinal Disorders Diarrhea, including documented pseudomembranous colitis which can appear during or after antibiotic treatment. Nausea and vomiting have been reported. Nervous System Disorders Possible exacerbation of myasthenia gravis. Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders Eosinophilia, leukopenia including granulocytopenia, neutropenia, anemia including hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and bone marrow depression. A positive direct Coombs test may develop in some individuals, especially those with azotemia. Hepatobiliary Disorders Reversible elevation in SGOT, SGPT, serum LDH, and serum alkaline phosphatase; and jaundice have been reported. Renal and Urinary Disorders Elevations in serum creatinine and/or blood urea nitrogen levels have been observed. Acute renal failure has been reported. Most common adverse reactions: Local reactions. ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact B. Braun Medical Inc. at 1-800-854-6851 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Cephalosporin-class Adverse Reactions In addition to the adverse reactions listed above which have been observed in patients treated with cefoxitin, the following adverse reactions and altered laboratory test results have been reported for cephalosporin class antibacterials: pruritus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, vomiting, abdominal pain, colitis, superinfection, vaginitis including vaginal candidiasis, renal dysfunction, toxic nephropathy, hepatic dysfunction including cholestasis, aplastic anemia, hemorrhage, elevated bilirubin, pancytopenia, and neutropenia. Several cephalosporins, including Cefoxitin for Injection and Dextrose Injection, have been implicated in triggering seizures, particularly in patients with renal impairment, when the dosage was not reduced [ see Dosage and Administration (2.3) and Overdosage (10 ) ] . If seizures associated with drug therapy occur, the drug should be discontinued. Anticonvulsant therapy can be given if clinically indicated.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Aminoglycosides: Increased potential of nephrotoxicity. ( 7.1 ) 7.1 Aminoglycosides Increased nephrotoxicity has been reported following concomitant administration of cephalosporins and aminoglycoside antibacterials.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Pediatric use: Safety and efficacy of this formulation not established ( 8.4 ) 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Available data from published prospective cohort studies, case series, and case reports over several decades with cephalosporin use, including cefoxitin, in pregnant women have not established drug-associated risks of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes (see Data) . In animal reproduction studies, no adverse developmental effects were observed in pregnant rats and mice administered parenteral doses of cefoxitin at approximately 1 to 7.5 times the maximum recommended human dose (see Data). The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. Cefoxitin is found in umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid after maternal administration. Clinical Considerations Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk Maternal gonorrhea may be associated with preterm birth, low neonatal birth weight, chorioamnionitis, intrauterine growth restriction, small for gestational age and premature rupture of membranes. Perinatal transmission of gonorrhea to the offspring can result in infant blindness, joint infections and bloodstream infections. Data Human Data While available studies cannot definitively establish the absence of risk, published data from prospective cohort studies, case series, and case reports over several decades have not identified an association with cephalosporin use, including cefoxitin, during pregnancy, and major birth defects, miscarriage, or other adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Available studies have methodologic limitations, including small sample size, retrospective data collection, and inconsistent comparator groups. Animal Data Reproduction studies performed in pregnant rats and mice at parenteral doses of approximately one to seven and one-half times the maximum recommended human dose did not reveal teratogenic or fetal toxic effects, although a slight decrease in fetal weight was observed. In the rabbit, cefoxitin was associated with a high incidence of abortion and maternal death. This was not considered to be a teratogenic effect but an expected consequence of the rabbit’s unusual sensitivity to antibiotic-induced changes in the population of the microflora of the intestine. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary Limited data from published literature report the presence of cefoxitin in human milk. For an infant fed exclusively with human milk, the estimated infant daily dose through breastfeeding is less than 0.1% of maternal daily IV dose (see Data). Minimal data are available on the effects of the drug on the breastfed infant; none of these reports suggest serious safety concerns. No data are available on the effects of the drug on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for cefoxitin and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from cefoxitin or from the underlying maternal condition. Data In a published clinical lactation study, the concentration of cefoxitin ranged from 11.6 ± 0.8 to 0.49 ± 0.01 mcg/mL and 1.71 ± 0.08 to 0.57 ± 0.02 mcg/mL in human plasma and breast milk, respectively, at 1, 1.5, 2 or 2.5 hours following IV administration of 1 g cefoxitin twice daily. 8.4 Pediatric Use Safety and efficacy of this formulation are not established. This formulation of cefoxitin is indicated for use only in patients who require the entire 1 or 2 gram dose. 8.5 Geriatric Use Of the 1,775 subjects who received cefoxitin in clinical studies, 424 (24%) were 65 and over, while 124 (7%) were 75 and over. No overall differences in safety o …

12.1 Mechanism of Action Cefoxitin is an antibacterial drug [ see Microbiology (12.4) ] .

11 DESCRIPTION Cefoxitin for Injection and Dextrose Injection is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, single-dose packaged combination of cefoxitin sodium USP and Dextrose Injection (diluent) in the DUPLEX ® sterile container. The DUPLEX ® Container is a flexible dual chamber container. The drug chamber is filled with cefoxitin sodium USP, a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibacterial sealed under nitrogen for intravenous administration. Cefoxitin sodium USP is derived from cephamycin C, which is produced by Streptomyces lactamdurans . Its chemical name is sodium (6 R ,7 S )-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-8-oxo-7-[2-(2-thienyl)acetamido]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate carbamate (ester). The empirical formula is C 16 H 16 N 3 NaO 7 S 2 , and the molecular weight is 449.44. The structural formula is: Cefoxitin sodium contains approximately 53.8 mg (2.3 mEq) of sodium per gram of cefoxitin activity. The diluent chamber contains Dextrose Injection. The concentration of Dextrose Hydrous USP in Water for Injection USP has been adjusted to render the reconstituted drug product iso-osmotic. Dextrose Hydrous USP has been added to adjust the osmolality to approximately 290 mOsmol/kg (approximately 2 g (4% w/v) and 1.1 g (2.2% w/v) to the 1 g and 2 g doses, respectively). Dextrose Injection is sterile, nonpyrogenic, and contains no bacteriostatic and antimicrobial agents. Dextrose Hydrous USP has the following structural (molecular) formula: The molecular weight of Dextrose Hydrous USP is 198.17. After removing the peelable foil strip, activating the seals, and thoroughly mixing, the reconstituted drug product is intended for single intravenous use. When reconstituted according to instructions in the product labeling, the approximate osmolality of the reconstituted solution of Cefoxitin for Injection and Dextrose Injection is approximately 290 mOsmol/kg. After reconstitution, each 50 mL contains 1 gram of cefoxitin (equivalent to 1.05 gram of cefoxitin sodium) or 2 grams of cefoxitin (equivalent to 2.10 grams of cefoxitin sodium), with a pH of approximately 6.5. Solutions of Cefoxitin for Injection and Dextrose Injection range from colorless to light amber. The DUPLEX® dual chamber container is made from a specially formulated material. The product (diluent and drug) contact layer is a mixture of thermoplastic rubber and a polypropylene ethylene copolymer that contains no plasticizers. The safety of the container system is supported by USP biological evaluation procedures. Structural Formula illustration Molecular Formula illustration

10 OVERDOSAGE Information on overdosage with Cefoxitin for Injection and Dextrose Injection in humans is not available. If overdosage should occur, it should be treated symptomatically.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING How Supplied Cefoxitin for Injection and Dextrose Injection in the DUPLEX® Container is a flexible dual chamber single-dose container supplied in two concentrations. After reconstitution, the delivered doses are equivalent to 1 g and 2 g cefoxitin. The diluent chamber contains approximately 50 mL of Dextrose Injection. Dextrose Injection has been adjusted to 4% w/v and 2.2% w/v for the 1 g and 2 g doses, respectively, such that the reconstituted solution is iso-osmotic. Cefoxitin for Injection and Dextrose Injection is supplied sterile and nonpyrogenic in the DUPLEX® Container packaged 24 units per case. NDC REF Dose Volume 0264-3123-11 3123-11 1 g 50 mL 0264-3125-11 3125-11 2 g 50 mL Not made with natural rubber latex, PVC or Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). Storage Store the unactivated unit at 20-25°C (68-77°F). Excursions permitted to 15-30°C (59-86°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.] Do not freeze. As with other cephalosporins, reconstituted Cefoxitin for Injection and Dextrose Injection tends to darken depending on storage conditions, within the stated recommendations. However, product potency is not adversely affected. Use only if prepared solution is clear and free from particulate matter.